作为背景的“框架”:媒介研究视角下的框架理论再诠释

"Fame"inthe Ground:Reinterpretation of Frame Theory in the Perspective of Media studies

新闻传播学与戈夫曼框架理论的耦合存在不同的进路,但无论是新闻生产社会学路径,还是话语分析和效果研究路径,都倾向于在“外观”层面谈论框架,而没有意识到戈夫曼框架理论中蕴含的“背景性”,进而逐渐走向了戈夫曼的对立面。在重返其经典名著,重梳其理论发展脉络的基础上,本文发掘了“框架”的现象学、中层理论和格式塔心理学色彩,指出“框架”实则是一种整体性的隐喻,社会行动和其他事务只有在“框架”及动态的情境中才能够被人理解。通过批判性地审视梅罗维茨对戈夫曼和麦克卢汉的理论接合工作,本文尝试提出“框架”与当前媒介研究进行重新对话的可能性,并试图说明以不同的研究站位理解“媒介”和“框架”,将会带来不同的理论想象力。

The coupling of communication studies and Goffman's frame theory has different approaches,but no matter the path of sociologyof news production,Discourse analysis or Communication-effect Research tend to focus on the frame as a figure,negelecting the"groundness"embedded in Goffman's frame theory,thus gradually moving toward the opposite of Goffman.On the basis of returning to Frame analysis:an essay on the organization of experience,this paper explores that the fame theory has rich meanings of phenomenology,middle-level theory and Gestalt psychology,points out that"frame"is actually a holistic metaphor,and social action and other affairs can only be understood when"frame"is in the ground.By critically examining Meyrowitz's work on the theoretical interface between Goffman and McLuhan,this paper attempts to suggest the possibility of a renewed dialogue between"frames"and current media studies,and demonstrates that a different understanding of"media"and"frame"from a different research standpoint will lead to different theoretical imaginations.