病态肥胖患者困难气道预测方式的研究进展

Advances of predictive approaches to difficult airway in patients with morbid obese

在肥胖人群中,病态肥胖(BMI≥35 kg/m^(2))是数量增长最快的一类。病态肥胖会使脂肪在颈部和腹部异常积聚,会导致上呼吸道狭窄、舌体肥大、膈肌上抬等解剖及呼吸生理的改变,使得病态肥胖患者成为困难气道的高发人群。要保证此类患者手术时通气的顺利和稳定,麻醉科医师在术前对病态肥胖患者进行针对困难气道有效的预测是至关重要的。本文旨在通过分析病态肥胖的不利影响和总结病态肥胖患者困难气道预测的新趋势,指导麻醉科医师对困难气道做出准确的术前预测。

Among the obese population,morbid obesity(BMI≥35 kg/m^(2))is the fastest growing category.Morbid obesity causes abnormal accumulation of fat in the neck and abdomen,which leads to anatomical and respiratory physiological changes such as narrowing of the upper airway,tongue hypertrophy,and diaphragm elevation.These alterations make morbidly obese patients a high-risk group for difficult airway.To ensure smooth and stable ventilation during surgery in these patients,it is crucial for anesthesiologists to effectively predict the difficult airway in morbidly obese patients preoperatively.This review aims to provide conclusive evidence to guide anesthesiologists to make rational decisions regarding the preoperative prediction of difficult airway in morbidly obese patients by analyzing the adverse effects of morbid obesity and summarizing emerging trends in difficult airway prediction in morbidly obese patients.