RNA结合蛋白质谱鉴定技术研究进展

Advances in Identification of RNA-binding Proteins Based on Mass Spectrometry

RNA结合蛋白在细胞中通过与RNA结合参与调控RNA的整个生命周期,在基因表达和生命进程中发挥着重要作用。RNA和蛋白质的结合异常与多种疾病的发生与发展密切相关,因此,探索RNA-蛋白质相互作用对研究潜在的生物功能和临床病理机制至关重要。近年来,随着鉴定技术的不断进步与革新,许多新的非经典RNA结合蛋白不断被发现。这些RNA结合蛋白大多数缺乏已知的RNA结合结构域,RNA与蛋白质之间复杂、多样的相互作用关系仍需进一步探究。从高通量鉴定和靶向鉴定两个方面,对基于质谱分析的RNA结合蛋白鉴定技术的最新进展进行综述,并着重讨论其技术原理、应用领域和优缺点,以期为更好地探索RNA-蛋白质相互作用的生物学功能及其在临床疾病中的作用机制提供参考。

RNA-binding proteins(RBPs)can bind RNAs through RNA-binding domains and regulate the fate or functions of their bound RNAs.RBPs are responsible for all the steps of RNA metabolism throughout their life cycle and are involved in many other cellular processes related to cell’s survival,replication,and adaption to environmental changes.RNA-protein interactions are essential to cell homeostasis,and their defects are associated with various diseases.Therefore,the characterization of RBPs is crucial to depict their functions and underlying molecular mechanisms.Recently,several methods have been developed and extensively applied to identify RBPs,uncovering many previously unannotated RBPs.However,the majority of the newly discovered RBPs lack classical RNA-binding domains,thus highlighting the complexity and diversity of RNA-protein interactions.Here,the progress in the identification of RBPs based on mass spectrometry was reviewed,from two aspects:high-throughput identification and targeted identification.Moreover,their technical principles,application areas,and strengths and limitations were discussed,providing new perspectives to better understand the biological significance and clinical implications of RNA-protein interactions.