上海大学生健康信息需求和媒介使用习惯调查

Investigation on needs and channels for health information among college students in Shanghai

目的 调查上海大学生健康信息需求和媒介使用习惯等,为提升精准健康传播和健康教育效果提供参考。方法 采用回顾性横断面调查,采用自编问卷,在2021年11—12月面向上海市12所普通高等本专科学校,通过多阶段分层整群抽样方法对1000名大学生开展线下问卷调查,获有效问卷913份,采用描述性分析、t检验、方差分析、Welch检验进行数据分析。结果 上海大学生健康信息需求度高,总体需求度最高的健康信息(得分均值排名前5)依次为:卫生便民服务[(3.99±1.10)分]、合理用药[(3.93±1.12)分]、意外伤害防护[(3.85±1.12)分]、饮食、瘦身、运动等健康行为指导[(3.84±1.13)分]、医院和医生等求医信息[(3.83±1.15)分],不同性别、不同文化程度、不同专业类别的学生健康信息需求度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。上海大学生获取健康信息最主要的渠道(得分均值排名前3)依次是“微信(公众号、微信群等)”[(4.28±0.974)分],“单位、学校等组织内部通知”[(3.93±1.053)分],“主流媒体网站和政府官方网站或app”[(3.83±1.128)分],最感兴趣的健康信息传播形式(得分均值排名前3)依次是“视频、动画、短视频等”[(4.12±0.941)分],“图片、海报、图表、漫画等”[(3.93±0.906)分],“电影、电视剧、纪录片等”[(3.63±1.149)分]。大学生对于健康信息的主动关注度、获取及时性、获取满意度、信息真伪判断力较高,根据合理健康信息改变健康行为意愿较高,不同性别学生在健康信息主动关注度、信息获取及时性上差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),不同学科门类学生在健康信息主动关注度、信息真伪判断力上差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),健康状况自评情况不同的学生在健康信息获取主动性、及时性、判别力、满意度方面均差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 上海大学生健康信息需求度高,最常通过微信等社交媒体和官方渠道获取健康信息,对视频、图片等健康信息传播形式最感兴趣,不同类别学生健康信息获取和使用习惯差异较大。需凝聚多方合力,把握大学生特点开展针对性健康信息供给,融科学性、趣味性于一体打造立体化健康教育体系,切实提升大学生健康素养水平。

Objective To investigate the needs and channels for health information among college students in Shanghai,and to provide reference for improving the effect of precise health communication and health education.Methods A retrospective cross-sectional survey was conducted offline among 1000 college students in 12 colleges and universities in Shanghai during November to December,2021,with a self-designed questionnaire by multi-stage stratified cluster sampling.913 valid questionnaires were collected and descriptive analysis,t-test,analysis of variance and Welch test were used for data analysis.Results Shanghai college students have a high demand for health information,and the health information with the highest overall demand among college students in Shanghai(the top five in terms of the total mean value)were:Health and convenience services(3.99±1.10),rational drug use(3.93±1.12),accidental injury protection(3.85±1.12),guidance on healthy behaviors,like diet,slimming,exercise,etc.(3.84±1.13),and medical information(3.83±1.15).The differences in the degree of health information needed between different groups in the self-assessment of health status were significant(P<0.05).The most frequently used channels for obtaining health information(the top three in terms of the total mean value)were:"Wechat"(4.28±0.974),"Notices from Institutions and schools"(3.93±1.053),and"Mainstream media websites and government official websites or Apps"(3.83±1.128).The most interested forms of health information dissemination(the top three in terms of the total mean value))were:"Videos,cartoons,short videos,etc."(4.12±0.941),"Picture-based posters,charts,cartoons,etc."(3.93±0.906),"Movies,TV series,documentaries,etc."(3.63±1.149).College students active atention to health information,timeliness of obtaining health information,satisfaction with obtaining health information,judgment of truthfulness of information and willingness to change health behaviors according to reasonable health information were relatively higher.There were significant differences in active attention to health information and timeliness of information acquisition between different genders(P<0.05).There were significant differences in the active attention to health information and the judgment of truth and falsity of information among students from different disciplines(P<0.05).And there were significant differences in the initiative,timeliness,discrimination and satisfaction of health information acquisition among students with different self-rated health status(P<0.05).Conclusion Shanghai college students have a high demand for health information.They most often obtain health information through social media,like wechat,and through official channels,and their most interested health information dissemination forms are videos and pictures.Different types of students have significant differences in health information acquisition and usage habits.It is necessary to gather joint efforts,grasp the characteristics of college students and carry out targeted health information supply,integrate scientific and interesting elements to build a multi-dimensional health education system,and effectively improve the level of college students health literacy.