3~6岁幼儿运动家庭支持环境调查问卷编制及信效度检验

Development of physical activity family support environment questionnaire for children aged 3-6 years old

目的 研制适合我国3~6岁幼儿运动能力发展的家庭支持环境问卷,为了解幼儿运动家庭支持环境的优势与不足提供工具。方法 基于“2020全民健身状况调查”的幼儿大样本调查结果,通过两轮德尔菲法确定《3~6岁幼儿运动家庭支持环境调查问卷》的条目。以571名3~6岁幼儿及其家长为调查对象,进行问卷信度、效度的检验。结果 《3~6岁幼儿运动家庭支持环境调查问卷》共8个维度43个条目。其中家长的幼儿相关运动知识与态度8个条目、家长对幼儿运动的支持行为9个条目、家长对幼儿运动能力评价5个条目、家庭客观硬件环境2个条目、父母锻炼和屏幕行为6个条目、父母步行与陪伴孩子运动行为4个条目、社区客观硬件环境5个条目、社区内体育运动与相关活动4个条目。探索性因子分析共提取出9个公因子,累计方差贡献率为63.059%。验证性因子分析模型拟合χ^(2)/df值为2.531,近似误差均方根0.078。整体问卷的克隆巴赫α系数为0.822,各个维度的克隆巴赫α系数在0.7以上,分半信度为0.902,重测信度系数为0.995(P<0.01)。结论 《3~6岁幼儿运动家庭支持环境调查问卷》具有良好的信度以及效度,能够有效地反映幼儿当前运动家庭支持环境现状。

Objective To develop a family support environment questionnaire for sports ability development among children aged 3-6 years old in China,and to provide a tool for understanding the advantages and disadvantages of family support environment for sports.Methods Based on the"2020 National Fitness Survey",the items of physical activity family support environment questionnaire were determined by two rounds of Delphi method.Then 571 children aged 3-6 years old and their parents were investigated to test the reliability and validity of the questionnaire.Results There were 43 items in 8 dimensions in the questionnaire.Among them,there were 8 items for parents'knowledge and attitude about infant sports,9 items for parents'supportive behavior for infant sports,5 items for parents'evaluation of infant sports ability,2items for family objective hardware environment,6 items for parents'exercise and screen behaviors,and 4 items for parents'walking and accompanying children's sports behaviors.There were 5 items for community objective hardware environment and 4 items for community sports and related activities.Nine common factors were extracted from exploratory factor analysis,and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 63.059%.The χ^(2)/df value of confirmatory factor analysis model was 2.531,and the root mean square error of approximation was 0.078.Cronbachαcoefficient of the whole questionnaire was 0.822,Cronbachαcoefficients in all dimensions were above 0.7,the split reliability was 0.902,and the retest reliability was 0.995(P<0.01).Conclusion The physical activity family support environment questionnaire for children aged 3-6 years old has good reliability and validity,which can effectively reflect the current situation of children's family support environment for sports.