盐与健康相关知识和行为的调查研究

A survey on knowledge and behavior related to salt and health

目的 了解当前网民对盐与健康相关知信行状况并分析其影响因素,为制定健康教育和营养干预策略提供参考。方法 以文献分析为基础,经过专业论证和预填报后形成调查问卷,利用问卷星的形式在网络平台对浏览该网站的18岁及以上网民进行为期7天的调查。采用χ^(2)检验进行组间比较,采用Logistic回归模型对使用限盐勺和理解营养素参考值百分比(NRV%)进行多因素分析。结果 本次调查共收到有效问卷1288份。37.42%的调查对象知道我国成人每日推荐盐摄入量不宜超过6 g。限盐勺使用率及正确使用率为9.78%和5.75%。仅5.36%的调查对象能够理解NRV%的含义。通过多因素分析,调查对象使用限盐勺和理解NRV%的共同影响因素为文化程度以及限盐意愿。此外,年龄较大的人群更愿意使用限盐勺(OR=1.31,95%CI:1.02~1.69);与国家公务人员比较,非医药专业学生不愿意使用限盐勺(OR=0.06,95%CI:0.01~0.57);自估盐摄入量越高的人群越不愿意使用限盐勺(OR=0.76,95%CI:0.62~0.93)。在理解NRV%影响因素的多因素分析中,男性较女性更能理解NRV%的意义(OR=2.43,95%CI:1.44~4.11),且知晓推荐盐摄入量的人群更能理解NRV%(OR=1.94,95%CI:1.14~3.32)。结论 调查人群对盐与健康的认知水平较低,减盐行为不容乐观,应加大教育宣传工作,提高网民对于减盐行为的认知及理解。

Objective To understanding knowledge,attitude,practice related to salt and health among Chinese Internet user,and analyze the influencing factors,provide a reference for the development of health education and nutrition intervention strategies.Methods Based on the literature,a questionnaire was formed after professional demonstration and pre-filling.The questionnaire was used to survey netizens aged 18 and above who were browsing the website for a period of 7days.χ^(2)test was used for comparison between groups,and Logistic regression model was used to analyze the use of salt limiting spoon and the understanding of NRV%.Results A total of 1288 questionnaires were received in this survey.The public awareness rate of recommended salt intake was 37.42%.The usage rate and correct usage rate of salt-restricted spoons were 9.78%and 5.75%,respectively.Only 5.36%of respondents were able to correctly answer the meaning of Percentage of Nutrient Reference Values(NRV%).The common factors affecting the use of salt-restricted spoons and the correct understanding of the percentage of nutrient reference values are the correct cognitive recommendation of salt intake and the willingness to limit salt control by multivariate analysis.In addition,older people were more likely to use limited salt spoons(OR=1.31,95%CI:1.02-1.69).Non-medical students were less willing to use limited salt spoons than civil servants(OR=0.06,95%CI:0.01-0.57).The higher the self-estimated salt intake,the more likely they were not to use a salt limiting spoon(OR=0.76,95%CI:0.62-0.93).In the multivariate analysis of understanding the influencing factors of NRV%,men were more likely than women to understand the significance of NRV%(OR=2.43,95%CI:1.44-4.11),and those who knew the recommended salt intake were more likely to understand NRV%(OR=1.94,95%CI:1.14-3.32).Conclusion The cognition level of salt and health in the survey population is low,and education and publicity should be increased to improve the public's cognition and understanding of salt restriction.