西洋音乐传播与近代上海城市声音景观的变迁

The Diffusion of Western Music and the Change of Urban Soundscape in Modern Shanghai

西洋音乐从上海开埠之初外侨自娱自乐式的音乐活动,随着上海城市的发展而逐渐传播到社会各个阶层。尤其是工部局乐队在将其音乐会打造成租界地区公共文化产品后,西洋音乐成为近代上海城市的标志性声音景观。在这一过程中,工部局乐队的成立和租界当局向华人开放专为外侨服务的公园发挥了关键作用。而无线电、电影院、舞厅和咖啡馆等新式媒介也加速了西洋音乐在上海社会各阶层中的传播,并使之成为近代上海城市的基调声音。西洋音乐的传播及其对近代上海城市声音景观的形塑,透视出在近代上海租界地区的殖民特性的基底下,近代民族主义和国际政局对城市文化演变走向的影响。本文利用大量档案、报刊、地图等历史文献资料,复原了开埠以后至1949年间西洋音乐在上海传播的时空过程,在此基础上分析西洋音乐对近代上海城市声音景观演变的影响。

Using a large number of archives,newspapers,maps and other historical documents,this paper reconstructs the time and spacial process of the diffusion of Western music in Shanghai from the Opening-up in 1843 until 1949.On this basis,analyze the influence of western music on the evolution of modern Shanghai urban soundscape.The authors pointed out that western music,from the beginning of Shanghai's opening up for foreigners to entertain themselves,has gradually spread to all social strata with the development of Shanghai.Especially after the Municipal Council Orchestra made its concert into a public cultural product in the concession area,Western music has become the soundmark of the modern Shanghai city.In this process,the establishment of the Municipal Council Orchestra and the opening of the park for foreigners by the concession authorities played a key role.New medias such as radio,cinema,dance hall and cafe also accelerated the diffusion of western music among all social strata in Shanghai and made it become the keynote sound of modern Shanghai.The diffusion of Western music and its shaping of the urban soundscape of modern Shanghai reveals the influence of modern nationalism and international political situation on the evolution of urban culture under the basis of the colonial characteristics of the modern Shanghai concession area.