形式之上:规划遗产的价值形态刍议——基于“有形-无形”的辩证视角

ABOVE FORM: ON THE VALUE FORM OF PLANNING HERITAGE--BASED ON THE DIALECTICAL PERSPECTIVE OF “TANGIBLE-INTANGIBLE”

规划遗产研究源于1975年英国的文化旅游名录、兴于2006年澳洲的国家遗产项目,在2011年后进行了国际上的案例解读,并于2019年引入国内进行了内化探索。在近50年的探索过程中,学界对这一遗产的价值认知从“地标节点”“象征景观”“交流工具”趋向于“一种新兴视角”,呈现出“从实到虚”的泛化趋势,并导致其价值内核难以凝练,亟待辨析。对此,研究立足于规划遗产的本质属性,通过剖析国内外典型的规划案例,提出规划遗产的价值核心不在于纯粹的、有形的建成遗产,更体现为无形的规划智慧这一观点。后者通过跨地区传播,秉承了舶来思想与地方特征,实现了“超越建成环境”的价值融合,统筹了“形式之上”的价值关系。因此,对于规划遗产的研究,需要立足于“有形”与“无形”的辩证视角,进一步探索原生理念的异地派生、远期愿景的近期实践等价值传导路径,并辨析不同类型规划的价值表现方式,以解释空间形式背后的规划内涵,以及规划作为一项遗产的复杂性特征。

Planning heritage research originated from the UK's cultural tourism list in 1975,and flourished in 2006 when planning heritage was introduced to Australia's national heritage project.After 2011,case interpretation was carried out on a global scale.Meanwhile,planning heritage research was introduced to China for internalization exploration in 2019.In this process,the academic cognition of the value of planning heritage has shifted from“landmark node”,“symbolic landscape”and“communication tool”to“an emerging research perspective”,showing a generalization trend“from real to virtual”,which leads to difficulty in distinguishing its value core.In this regard,based on the essential property of planning heritage,this paper analyzes typical planning cases at home and abroad,and puts forward the idea that the value core of planning heritage lies not in pure and tangible historical space,but in intangible planning wisdom.Through cross-regional transmission,the latter considers both imported ideas and local conditions,realizes the value coupling“beyond the built environment”,and integrates the value relationship“above form”.Therefore,planning heritage research should be based on the dialectical perspective of“tangible”and“intangible”.It is necessary to further explore value transmission paths,such as the remote derivation of original concept and the recent practice of long-term vision,and to analyze the value expression ways of different types of planning,so as to explain the planning connotation behind the spatial form and the complexity of planning as a heritage.