从明清戏文看闽南方言假设连词“卜”的来源——兼论汉语假设连词“要”的来源

The Origin of Hypothetical Conjunction"卜"in Southern Min Dialects from the Perspective of Ming and Qing Drama——On the Origin of Chinese Hypothetical Conjunction"要"

闽南方言假设连词“卜”是意愿助动词“卜”在非现实的语境中逐步发展起来的,具体经历了四个发展阶段,不仅是语用原则在起作用,而且是推导义固化的结果。意愿助动词“卜”语法化为假设连词“卜”的过程,也是“卜”的语义由主语指向转向说话人指向的过程。意愿助动词“卜”发展为假设连词“卜”的语法化路径具有类型学意义,为我们重新探索汉语假设连词“要”的来源提供了活生生的范例。文章通过考察,揭示了中西方语言在助动词向虚拟成分演化方面存在的共同之处和根本差异,并阐释了根本差异背后的原因。

In Southern Min dialects,the hypothetical conjunction"卜"gradually develops in an unrealistic context from willing auxiliary verb"卜".It has undergone four stages of development.Not only is the pragmatic principle at work,but it is also the result of the implicature being solidified.The grammaticalization of the willing auxiliary verb"卜"turning into the hypothetical conjunction"卜"is also the process in which the semantics of"卜"changes from subject-oriented to speaker-oriented.The process,as a living example for us to rediscover the source of the hypothetical conjunction"要"in Chinese,has typological significance.Through investigation,this article reveals the commonalities and fundamental differences between Chinese and Western languages in the evolution of auxiliary verbs into hypothetical components,and explains the reasons behind the fundamental differences.