《黄帝内经》“二首六身”历法研究

Research on the‘Two-Head-Six-Body’calendar excavation of Huangdi Neijing

《黄帝内经》中记载着一种“天”的模式即王亥的“二首六身”历法模式,是一种太阳历法。从新石器中晚时期到殷商乃至春秋曾长期存在并深刻影响了中医基础理论的建立和发展,却在魏晋、唐朝被误读为拆“亥”字的字谜。王亥“二首六身”历法有两个岁首:春分、秋分,“六身”分别以六十干支纪日,是“干支纪日”的来源。当代考古发现西汉式盘上的“废明日”,或是“二首六身”之纪日法对一“身”第61日的专用名称。明确“二首六身”历法属性,纠正《春秋左传正义》对“二首六身”历法的错误解读,对研究中医基础理论三阴三阳、三阴三阴与开阖枢的关系、南北政的含义、《伤寒论》六经传变、五运六气理论等有重要意义。

The Huangdi Neijing records a‘heaven’model,that is,the King Hai’s‘Two-Head-Six-Body’calendar.From the Neolithic period to the Yin Shang dynasties and the Zhou dynastiy.This solar calendar system had existed for thousands of years and had a profound impact to the foundation of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),but it was misinterpreted as a puzzle of the word‘hai(亥)’after the Wei,Jin and Tang dynasties.This ancient calendar had two beginnings:the spring equinox and the autumn equinox.The‘Six-Body’takes 60 Ganzhi counting respectively for every single day,which was the beginning of the‘Ganzhi Day Counting’.The contemporary archaeological discovery‘Feiming ri’on the‘Shi plate’of the Han dynasty,was the special name of the 61st day of the‘body’.Clarifying the calendar attribute and correcting the misinterpretation of‘Two-Head-Six-Body’Chunqiu Zuozhuan Zhengyi is of great significance to the TCM theories,such as the three yin-three yang,opening and closing pivot theory,north-south politics,the six meridians transmutation of Shanghan Lun,the theory of five-movement-six-qi,and so on.