河北省唐山市花生产区昆虫种类组成及生态学分析

Insect Species Composition and Ecological Analysis in Peanut Production Area of Tangshan City,Hebei Province

采用马来氏网法,2014~2015年在河北省唐山市花生产区对生态微环境下的昆虫种类进行调查,结果显示,共获得昆虫样本18 168头,隶属11个目112个科,其中膜翅目、双翅目、鞘翅目、半翅目和鳞翅目的科数较多,合计占总科数的比例高达91.96%。双翅目昆虫以潜蝇科、蚤蝇科、长足虻科和瘿蚊科为主;膜翅目昆虫以茧蜂科、金小蜂科和姬蜂科为主;半翅目昆虫以叶蝉科和蚜科为主;鞘翅目昆虫以瓢甲科、薪甲科和叶甲科为主;鳞翅目昆虫以卷叶蛾科、菜蛾科、夜蛾科和螟蛾科为主。生态学分析发现,在花生生长期间,群落多样性指数和群落均匀度指数较高,群落生态优势度保持低位稳定;科级丰富度和群落丰盛度随着花生生长旺盛期的到来急剧增高,并在后期保持一定时间的稳定性。

The survey of insect species in the ecological microenvironment was conducted in the peanut production area of Tangshan City,Hebei Province from 2014 to 2015 by using the Malayan network method.The results showed that a total of 18168 insect samples were obtained,belonging to 11 orders and 112 families,of which Hymenoptera,Diptera,Coleoptera,Hemiptera and Lepidoptera accounted for 91.96%of the total families.Diptera insects were mainly composed of Cichlidae,Cichlidae,Cichlidae,and Cichlidae families.Hymenoptera insects were mainly composed of Braconidae,Ceratoideae,and Hymenopteridae families.Hemiptera insects were mainly in Cicadaceae and families.Coleoptera insects were mainly composed of Ladybirds,Salamanders,and Chrysomelidae families.Lepidoptera insects were mainly composed of Lycoptera,Lycoptera,Lycoptera,and Lycoptera families.The ecological analysis found that the community diversity index and community evenness index were high,and the community ecological dominance remained low and stable during the growth period of peanut.The richness of the family level and community increases sharply with the arrival of the peak growth period of peanuts,and maintains stability for a certain period of time in the later stage.