青海省祁连山地区某煤矿地质环境问题及生态环境修复研究

Study on geological environment problem and ecological environmentrestoration of a coal mine in Qilian Mountain of Qinghai Province

矿区位于中祁连中间隆起带中的华力西—印支期断陷盆地中,属青藏高原高寒地区,植被类型为高山草甸植被,植被覆盖度70%左右。矿区为露天开采,已被揭露厚度303 m。地质环境影响范围为4.29 km^(2),包括采坑4个、弃渣堆16处、道路19条、生产生活区3处、不稳定边坡3段、其他损毁区。造成不稳定边坡,压占草地,损毁自然植被,破坏自然景观,破坏地下含水层等地质环境问题。通过不稳定边坡清理、采坑回填、渣堆平整、道路复垦、植被恢复等治理工程,修复矿山地质环境问题,从而改善居住区被破坏而相对脆弱的生态环境,防止土地沙漠化,减少水土流失,提高植被覆盖率,增强祁连山的水源涵养。研究为当地的畜牧业可持续性发展及生态环境提供有力的生态保障。

The mining area is located in the Hualixi-Indosinian faulted basin in the middle uplift zone of Middle Qilian Mountain,which belongs to the alpine region of Qinghai Tibet Plateau.The vegetation type is alpine meadow vegetation,and the vegetation coverage is about 70%.The mining area is open-pit mining and has been exposed with a thickness of 303 meters.The area of geological environment influence is 4.29 km^(2),including 4 mining pits,16 slag dumps,19 roads,3 production and living areas,3 section of unstable slope and other damage areas,which cause unstable slope,occupy grassland,damage to natural vegetation,damage to natural landscape,damage to underground aquifers and other geological environmental problems.Through the unstable slope clearing,pit backfilling,slag heap leveling,road reclamation,vegetation restoration and other treatment projects,the mine geological environment problems are repaired.So as to improve the damaged and relatively fragile ecological environment of residential areas,prevent land desertification,reduce soil erosion,improve vegetation coverage,and enhance water conservation in Qilian Mountain.It provides a strong ecological guarantee for the sustainable development of local animal husbandry and ecological environment.