分析的马克思主义正义观批判

An Analytical Criticism of the Marxist View of Justice

分析的马克思主义以正义观念为切入点,建构了两种迥异的马克思正义观:以伍德为代表的分析的马克思主义者认为,马克思揭示了资本主义的剥削本质,但没有从道德层面上予以谴责,资本家占有工人的剩余价值符合资本主义生产规律,剥削并不是非正义的;以胡萨米为代表的马克思主义者则认为,资本主义剥削意味着一种不平等的交换关系,并且这是一种系统性的剥削体制,不符合马克思的正义隐喻。从方法论上说,建构一种内在于生产方式的正义概念,或者一种超验的正义标准,都误读了马克思的历史唯物主义方法。对于马克思而言,正义观念是一种社会性历史现象。当下流行的所有权正义理论不过是资本主义全球化的产物,随着中国“一带一路”建设高质量发展,一种共享共富的世界性正义话语即将生成。

Analytical Marxism takes the concept of justice as the starting point and constructs two different concepts of Marx’s justice.Analytical Marxists represented by Wood believe that Marx revealed the exploitative nature of capitalism,but did not condemn it morally.They also believe that capitalists’possession of workers’surplus value conforms to the laws of capitalist production,and exploitation is not unjust.Marxists represented by Husami believe that capitalist exploitation means an unequal exchange relationship,and this is a systemic system of exploitation that does not fit Marx’s normative metaphor of justice.Methodologically speaking,constructing a concept of justice inherent in the mode of production,or a transcendent standard of justice,misreads Marx’s method of historical materialism.For Marx,the concept of justice is entirely a social history phenomenon,the current popular concept of rights and justice is just the product of capitalist globalization.Only by constructing a form of public ownership society can truly open up a world justice discourse of equal participation and shared wealth.