监察案件中非法证据排除规则适用实证研究--以贪污贿赂和渎职犯罪为视角

Empirical Research on the Exclusionary Rule of Illegal Evidence in Supervision Cases--From the Perspective of Corruption,Bribery and Dereliction of Duty Crimes

通过对136份申请排除非法证据的监察案件刑事裁判文书分析后发现,申请人申请排除的主要是被调查人供述,申请排除被调查人供述的主要原因是被刑讯逼供或采用威胁、引诱、欺骗等非法方式取证,审判机关在监察案件中对“相关线索或者材料”的认定总体上比较严苛,决定排除非法证据的比例较低。非法证据排除规则在监察案件中的适用,存在着非法证据认定标准被不当提升、非法证据排除调查程序启动困难、非法证据排除的庭审程序流于形式等问题。为确保非法证据排除规则在监察案件中的有效适用,应当继续推进以审判为中心的诉讼制度改革,完善监察非法证据的认定标准,并合理设定辩方提供相关线索或者材料要求的内涵。

By analyzing 136 pieces of judgements which contain the words of illegal evidence,we find that the applicant applied for the exclusion of the confession of the investigated person,and the main reason for the applicant to apply for the exclusion of the respondent’s confession is the forced confession by torture or illegal evidence obtained by illegal means such as threat,inducement and deception;the court’s determination of“relevant information or materials”in supervision cases is generally harsh,and the rate of court’s decision to exclude illegal evidence is low.The application of the rule of excluding illegal evidence in supervisory cases has problems such as improper improvement of the criteria for identifying illegal evidence,difficulty in initiating the investigation process of illegal evidence,and the formality of the trial process of illegal evidence.To ensure the effective application of the rule of excluding illegal evidence in supervisory cases,we should continue to promote the reform of the trial centered litigation system and improve the standards for identifying illegal evidence in supervision,and reasonably set the requirements for the defense to provide relevant clues or materials.