东道国发展阶段与中国对非投资策略

China’s Investment Strategy in Africa Based on the Development Stage of Host Countries

随着对非洲投资的快速增长,中国在非洲投资的区位、产业选择显得尤为重要,尤其非洲发展并不平衡,中国对非投资的区位选择应充分考虑东道国发展阶段问题。以非洲经济强国南非和非洲新兴国家埃塞俄比亚两个处于不同发展阶段国家为研究对象,分析中国对其投资所面临的不同风险,可发现:因发展阶段差异而造成的东道国资源禀赋、经济条件、政治稳定与社会安全、制度和社会环境差异均给中国企业投资带来显著影响。因此,在考虑接纳意愿、产业契合度、盈利空间和投资阻力等因素下,中国更应加强与埃塞俄比亚为代表的非洲新兴国家的投资合作;在一国内部投资区位选择中,中国企业应重点选择具备投资和经济发展条件的地区投资,而不应过多受东道国政治的影响;在产业选择中,在非洲新兴国家应多布局传统劳动力密集型出口产业及基建工程类产业,而在非洲经济强国的产业布局既要利用东道国的发展优势,也应尽量回避东道国不合理政策的干预。

With the rapid growth of investment in Africa,the location and industrial choice of China’s investment in Africa is particularly important,especially the unbalanced development of Africa.The location choice of China’s investment in Africa should fully consider the development stage of the host country.In this paper,South Africa and Ethiopia,two countries in different stages of development,are taken as research objects to analyze the different risks that China faces in its investment in Africa.The research shows that the differences in resource endowment,economic conditions,political stability and social security,system and social environment of the host country caused by the differences in development stages have a significant impact on the investment of Chinese enterprises.Therefore,(1)Considering the factors such as acceptance intention,industry matching,profit space and investment resistance,China should strengthen the investment cooperation with the African emerging countries represented by Ethiopia;(2)In the choice of the investment location inter a country,Chinese enterprises should focus on regions with investment and economic development conditions to invest;(3)In the choice of industry,more labor-intensive export industries and infrastructure industries should be distributed in emerging countries,while in economic power,Chinese enterprises should not only take advantage of the development advantages of the host country,but also try to avoid unreasonable policy intervention.