国际比较视野下我国工伤保险待遇水平研究

A Study on the Benefits Level of Work Injury Insurance in China from an International Comparative Perspective

工伤保险待遇水平事关职工和用人单位利益,事关工伤保险制度公平可持续发展。作为社会保障制度重要组成部分,工伤保险制度的保障水平应当与经济社会发展水平相适应。从经济社会发展阶段来看,理论上我国工伤保险保障水平应低于发达国家,但本文通过对工伤保险待遇水平进行全面深入的国际比较后发现,由于制度惯性以及没有转轨成本,我国工伤保险待遇水平在国际上处于前列,甚至高于德国和日本等典型发达国家,主要体现在工伤保险待遇项目多、待遇兼项多、一次性待遇水平高、待遇增长快、与用人单位捆绑紧密等。我国工伤保险待遇水平高已经带来了社会争议多、企业负担重、职工权益保障落实难到位、灵活就业人员参保难等诸多问题。未来应当按照习近平总书记有关社会保障体系建设的指示精神,借鉴国际经验,适当控制工伤保险待遇水平,优化工伤保险待遇承担结构,充分发挥工伤保险制度优势。

The level of work injury insurance benefits is related to the interests of employees and employers,as well as the fair and sustainable development of the work injury insurance system.As an important and integral part of the social security system,the level of protection of the work injury insurance system must be compatible with the level of economic and social development.In theory,the level of work injury insurance protection in China-considering its current stage of economic and social development-should be lower than that of developed countries.However,after a comprehensive and in-depth international comparison of the level of work injury insurance benefits was conducted,this article found that,due to the inertia of the system and no trasitional costs,China's work injury insurance benefits are at the forefront of the international community,even higher than some typical developped countries,such as Germany and Japan.These benefits are m ainly r eflected in the following aspects:too many schemes in work injury insurance benefits,multiple benefits,high amount of one-time benefits,fast growth in benefits,and tight binding with employers.High level of benefits of work injury insurance in China has brought a series of problems,such as more controversies in the society,heavy burdens in enterprises,workers’rights and interests protection being difficult to be in place,workers in flexible jobs having more difficulties in paticipation of social security schemes.In the future,we should follow the spirit of guidance concerning construction of social security system set out by General Secretary Xi Jinping,draw lessons from international experience,adjust and control work injury insurance benefits in an appropriate way,optimize the structure of benefits affordability so that the advantages of work injury insurance system can have a full role to play.