聚乙烯微塑料暴露对辣椒生长及产量的影响

Effects of polyethylene microplastics exposure on growth and yield of Capsicum annuum L.

为探讨微塑料对蔬菜作物生长及产量的影响,于2022年4—9月采用室内盆栽实验,研究聚乙烯微塑料(PE-MPs)在不同浓度下(0、50、500、2500 mg·kg^(-1))对辣椒(Capsicum annuum L.)不同生长阶段(幼苗期、开花期与结果期)的生长状况、植株养分、光合色素含量与产量的影响。结果表明:幼苗期,PE-MPs增加了辣椒的根长、鲜质量及植株中碳含量,而对株高有抑制作用,在浓度为50 mg·kg^(-1)时亦抑制了光合色素的合成;开花期,PE-MPs对辣椒的根长与碳含量有促进作用,而减少了其株高、鲜质量及磷含量,在浓度为2500 mg·kg^(-1)时则能促进光合色素的合成;结果期,PE-MPs对辣椒根长、碳含量及叶片类胡萝卜素含量有促进作用,对株高、鲜质量及磷含量有抑制作用;PE-MPs降低了辣椒产量,最多可使每株辣椒减产42.86%。由此可见,PE-MPs对辣椒根长与植株中碳含量有促进作用,但降低了株高与产量,对其生物量未见显著影响,鲜质量、光合色素含量与氮磷含量则与生长阶段和PE-MPs浓度有关。综上,PE-MPs对辣椒生长存在一定的影响,因此,农业生产等活动中应尽量避免微塑料进入土壤环境中。

To better understand the impacts of microplastics on the growth and yield of vegetable crops,indoor pot experiments were adopted to study polyethylene microplastics(PE-MPs)from April to September of 2022.Effects of PE-MPs on the growth status,plant nutrients,photosynthetic pigment content and yield of Capsicum annuum L.at different growth stages(seedling,flowering and fruit stages)under different concentrations(0,50,500 and 2500 mg·kg^(-1))were studied.The results showed that PE-MPs increased the root length,fresh weight and carbon content of Capsicum annuum L.in the seedling stage,but inhibited the plant height and synthesis of photosynthetic pigments when the concentration was 50 mg·kg^(-1).At the flowering stage,PE-MPs promoted root length and carbon content of Capsicum annuum L.,but reduced plant height,fresh weight and phosphorus content,and promoted the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments at 2500 mg·kg^(-1).In the fruit stage,PE-MPs promoted root length,carbon content and leaf carotenoid content of Capsicum annuum L.,but inhibited plant height,fresh weight and phosphorus content.PE-MPs reduced Capsicum annuum L.yield by up to 42.86% per plant.In conclusion,PE-MPs can promote root growth and plant carbon content of Capsicum annuum L.,but reduces plant height and yield,and has no significant effect on its biomass.Fresh weight,photosynthetic pigment content,nitrogen and phosphorus content are related to growth stage and PE-MPs concentration.PE-MPs has a certain impact on the growth and yield of Capsicum annuum L.Therefore,microplastics should be avoided in soil environments in agricultural production activities.