“互联网+教育”的世界观:复杂系统观

The Worldview of“Internet+Education”:Complex System View

教育的世界观是人类认识和改造教育系统的思想基础。在教育数字化转型的新时期,在新空间属性、新供给方式、新治理模式的共同作用下,教育的组织体系、要素及关系都发生了变化,复杂性日益凸显。作者深刻洞悉“互联网+教育”正在推动教育系统从线性结构走向复杂网络结构,率先提出“互联网+教育”应以复杂系统观为世界观,应充分关注教育的复杂关系,应从耗散结构论出发认识教育生态体系,从协同学视角揭示复杂教与学的新规律。文章总结了关于“互联网+教育”复杂特性的已有研究成果,包括知识的网络化和涌现性、教与学的自组织和非线性,以及教育生态的联通和不确定性三方面的新规律,已有的研究发现为新复杂系统观提供了重要支撑。文章针对“互联网+教育”战略实施中出现的“改良学派”的认识误区和“课堂网上搬家”的实践误区,提出了“互联网+教育”的复杂系统观,目的是引导教育工作者,把握“互联网+教育”的变革本质,摆脱传统线性思维,更新教育理念,变革教育模式,探索研究新范式,切实推动“互联网+教育”沿着正确的方向创新发展。

The worldview of education is the ideological foundation for human to understand and transform the education system.In the new era of digital transformation of education,under the joint action of new spatial attributes,new supply methods and new governance models,the organizational system,elements and relationships of education have changed,and the complexity is becoming increasingly prominent.The authors deeply understand that"Internet+education"is promoting the education system to move from a linear structure to a complex network structure,and take the lead in proposing that"Internet+education"should take the complex system view as the world view,pay full attention to the complex relationship of education,understand the education ecosystem from the perspective of dissipative structure theory,and reveal the new laws of complex teaching and learning from the perspective of Synergetics.This paper summarizes the existing research results on the complex characteristics of"Internet+education",including three new laws:the networking and emergence of knowledge,the self-organization and nonlinearity of teaching and learning,and the connectivity and uncertainty of education ecology.The existing research findings provide important support for the overall view of the new complex system.Aiming at the misunderstanding of the"reformist school"and the practice of"classroom online relocation"in the implementation of the"Internet+education"strategy,this paper puts forward a complex system concept of"Internet+education".The purpose is to guide educators to grasp the essence of the reform of"Internet+education",get rid of traditional linear thinking,update educational concepts,change educational models,explore new research paradigms,and effectively promote the innovative development of"Internet+education"in the right direction.