了解人眼明暗视觉, 加深对临床视觉电生理的理解

Deepening the understanding of the mechanism of clinical electroretinography based on the photopic/scotopic vision of human eyes

临床视觉电生理检查对刺激光有着严格的制定标准和量化方法, 其中涉及到人眼的明视觉和暗视觉感知概念。明视觉是在明亮环境下主要由视锥细胞参与的视觉感知活动, 暗视觉是在黑暗环境下主要由视杆细胞参与的视觉感知活动。即使光源的额定功率相同, 不同光谱光源在相同或不同的视觉环境下人眼所感知的亮度(光通量)也有所不同。为了使眼科医师和临床视觉电生理检查技师能够准确地理解视觉电生理国际标准中关于刺激光的设定机制和记录结果, 本文详细介绍人眼明暗视觉概念、不同视觉环境下亮度的测量和表示、光源在明暗视觉下的光通量等基本概念, 解读明暗视觉概念在临床视觉电生理中的应用。

Visual electrophysiological examination has strict standards and quantitative methods for stimulating light,which involves the concepts of photopic and scotopic vision of human eyes.Photopic vision is a visual perceptual activity mainly involving cones in a bright environment,while scotopic vision is a visual perceptual activity mainly involving rod cells in a dark environment.Even if the rated power of the light source is the same,the brightness(luminous flux)perceived by human eyes is different for different spectral light sources in the same or different visual environments.To enable ophthalmologists and clinical visual electrophysiological examination technicians to accurately understand the setting mechanism and recording results of stimulating light in the international standard of visual electrophysiology,this paper introduced the basic concepts such as the concept of human eye photopic and scotopic vision,the measurement and expression of brightness in different visual environments,and the luminous flux of light sources under photopic and scotopic vision in detail,and interpreted the application of the concept of photopic and scotopic vision in clinical visual electrophysiology.