头戴式显示电子助视器在低视力康复中的应用

Application of electronic head-mounted display aids in low vision rehabilitation

随着社会老龄化的进展和低视力人群数量的增长,患者对低视力康复的需求也日益增加。头戴式显示(HMD)电子助视器是一种新型低视力助视器,可分为单眼式和双眼式、虚拟现实(VR)式和增强现实(AR)式等不同类型。HMD电子助视器的性能在其发展和评估中十分重要,包括提高照度、对比度、分辨率和扩大视野等。VR式助视器的分辨率更高,图像模式更丰富,可有效提高中心视力和对比敏感度,更适用于静态应用。AR设备不遮挡患者的习惯视野,不破坏立体视觉,更适用于动态应用。随着近几年VR和AR显示技术的发展,HMD电子助视器在功能性、轻便性和美观性上有了很大的进步。大部分HMD电子助视器的研究和应用对象是中心视力低下患者,HMD电子助视器可以通过放大图像、增加照度和对比度、增强轮廓等策略提高患者视力、对比敏感度和阅读功能等。对于周边视野缺损的患者,HMD电子助视器主要采取VR式设计,在不遮挡患者原有视野的同时明显扩展他们的视野。而HMD电子助视器对于周边视野缺损患者的日常活动,尤其是运动能力的改善效果仍需要进一步研究。本文总结了HMD电子助视器的类型、性能以及其在低视力患者中的应用进展。

As society ages and the number of people with low vision grows,the need for low vision rehabilitation for patients is increasing.The electronic head-mounted display(HMD)aids is a new type of low vision aids,which can be divided into different types such as monocular,binocular,virtual reality(VR)and augmented reality(AR).The performance of electronic HMD visual aids is important in their development and evaluation,including improved illumination,contrast ratio,resolution,and expanded vision field.VR devices have higher resolution and richer image modes,which can effectively improve central vision acuity and contrast sensitivity,and are more suitable for static applications.AR devices do not block the patients'habitual field of vision and do not destroy stereoscopic vision,which are more suitable for dynamic applications.With the development of VR and AR display technology in recent years,electronic HMD aids have made great progress in functionality,portability and aesthetics.In most of the research,the application population of electronic HMD aids are patients with low central vision.Electronic HMD aids can improve their visual acuity,contrast sensitivity and reading ability by enlarging pictures,improving illumination and contrast ratio and enhancing contour.For patients with peripheral visual field defects,electronic HMD aids,especially AR devices,can significantly expand their peripheral visual field without blocking original visual field.However,the improvement of electronic HMD aids on daily activities,especially athletic ability,needs further research.This article summarized the types,performance and application progress of electronic HMD aids in patients with low vision.