应对气候变化治理模式国别比较分析

Country Comparison of Governance Models for Addressing Climate Change

应对气候变化是全球各国共同面临的严峻挑战,而不同国家由于其自身发展阶段、治理水平等存在差异,气候治理模式也呈现不同特征。本文系统梳理了英国、德国、法国、美国、欧盟、日本、韩国、印度、巴西、南非等全球主要经济体和排放体的气候政策体系与机构设置情况,将其气候治理模式分为五类:政策引领型、法律缺失型、整体完备型、部分行业先行型和政策协调双缺失型,并从政治体制和党派态度、资源禀赋和强势部门、战略定位与气候叙事、公众态度与国际事件四个维度进行了影响因素的分析。建议我国未来可在加快推进气候立法、充分发挥制度优势、形成中国特色治理方案、推动建立公平合理互利共赢国际治理体系、落实完善“1+N”政策体系等方面加强工作部署,提升应对气候变化治理水平,促进“双碳”目标尽早实现。

Coping with climate change is a serious challenge faced by all countries in the world.Due to differences in development stage and governance level of different countries,climate governance models also show various characteristics.This paper systematically reviews the climate policy systems and institutions of major global economies and emitters such as the United Kingdom,Germany,France,the United States,the European Union,Japan,South Korea,India,Brazil and South Africa,and divides their climate governance models into five categories:Policy-leading type,law-lacking type,overall-good type,partial-industry-leading type and policy-and-coordination-lacking type.The influence factors are analyzed from four dimensions:political system and party attitude,resource endowment and strong sector,strategic direction and climate narrative,public attitude and international events.It is suggested that China can accelerate climate legislation,take advantage of institutional arrangement,develop a governance approach with Chinese characteristics,and promote the establishment of a fair,reasonable,cooperative and win-win international governace system in the future,so as to improve the governance level of addressing climate change,and promote the early realization of the dual-carbon goal.