未来情景思维对跨期决策的影响

The Impact of Episodic Future Thinking on Intertemporal Decision-making

跨期决策是指人们对发生在未来不同时间的成本和收益进行权衡,进而做出的各种判断和选择的心理过程,它与日常生活息息相关。大量研究表明,高延迟折扣率(Delay Discounting)往往与社会适应不良和成瘾行为相关。未来情景思维(Episodic Future Thinking,EFT),即前瞻性想象未来事件,已经发展成为一种干预工具,以减少延迟折扣,并促进个体做出更健康的选择,促进长期健康而不是短期享受。大多数未来情景思维干预使用的线索,其未来事件与延迟选择任务的延迟时间相匹配,研究者通常使用不同情绪类型、不同自我相关度以及不同联想完成度的未来情景思维来影响被试的跨期选择,帮助人们更好地做出更理性的决策。未来应该控制研究需求特征的影响,更多关注情节式未来思考的作用机制并加强研究的生态效度。

Intertemporal decision-making refers to the psychological process in which people weigh the costs and benefits that occur at different times in the future,and then make various judgments and choices.It is closely related to daily life.A large number of studies have shown that high delay discounting rate is often associated with social maladjustment and addictive behavior.Episodic Future Thinking(EFT),or prospective imagining of future events,has been developed as an intervention tool to reduce delay discounting and facilitate individuals to make healthier choices that promote long-term health rather than short-term enjoyment.Most future situational thinking interventions use cues whose future events match the delay time of the delayed choice task.Researchers usually use future situational thinking with different emotional types,different self-correlation degrees,and different associative completion degrees to affect the subjects'cross-sectional thinking.Long-term choices,helping people make better and more rational decisions.In the future,we should control the influence of the characteristics of research needs,pay more attention to the mechanism of episodic future thinking and strengthen the ecological validity of the research.