中国文化遗产保护的政策话语变迁研究

A Study of Discourse Change on China's Cultural Heritage Protection Policies

文化遗产保护政策是文化遗产保护的重要路径之一。1949年以前文化遗产保护的政策话语历经救国型话语、资源控制型话语和政权巩固型话语的变迁;1949年后形成了政治指导型、革命型话语到社会发展型话语和复杂包容型话语的发展脉络。政策话语的变迁不断回应文化遗产保护工作的现实需求,是政治环境、意识形态、经济发展和社会变迁等因素的反映。回顾政策发展历程,渐进主义路径选择及过程中趋同与差异的政策实践,构成了政策的经验事实。在当下的文化遗产保护政策实践中,本土化意识愈益明显,体现在本土性保护概念的提出、根据行政区划进行政策制定和“以人为本”的发展路径等方面。

Cultural heritage protection policy is one of the important paths of cultural heritage protection,which has evolved from a discourse of national salvation discourse,resource control discourse,and regime consolidation discourse before 1949 to a discourse of political guidance discourse,revolution discourse to social development discourse and complex inclusion discourse after 1949.The change of policy discourse constantly responds to the real needs of cultural heritage conservation work,and is a reflection of the political environment,ideology,economic development and social changes.Looking back at the history of policy development,the choice of gradualist paths and the policy practices of convergence and divergence in the process constitute the empirical facts of policy.In the current cultural heritage conservation policy practice,the sense of localization has become more and more obvious,which is reflected in the introduction of the concept of local conservation,the formulation of policies based on administrative divisions,and the“peopleoriented”development path.