普惠化目标下中国托育机构建设压力评价及其预警区应对

Pressure Assessment of Childcare Service Construction in China and Coping Strategies for Early Warning Regions in Realizing Inclusive Envision

基于托育机构POI及城市人口经济数据,探究其空间建设现状,评估各地所需增建数量,构建涵盖供给建设、经济支持和家庭照护3个维度6项指标的普惠化建设压力评价体系。结果表明:(1)全国托育机构空间集聚显著,建设缺口量大,超40%的城市缺口量在中高区间,平均缺口达138家,重庆缺口达1302家;(2)托育普惠化建设压力水平普遍较高,近85%的城市为中、高压状态,呈“北低南高”空间分层特征;(3)划分三级预警城市,针对一级和二级预警城市的“三向、双向”型高压以及三级预警城市的“无向”型低压结构,提出“壁垒破除、政府增供、优势利用、多元共建”应对策略。

This paper explored the spatial distribution pattern of existing childcare services,and assessed the cities' insufficiency of services by applying POI,demographic and economic data.An indices system was built for evaluating pressure value of the inclusive childcare service construction,consist of 6 indicators covering 3 dimensions of supply construction,economic support,family infant care.The results show that:(1) The development of inclusive childcare services in China presents a spatial pattern of aggregation prominently.There are over 40% of the cities in mid-high states of deficiency.138 institutions of inclusive childcare in average are entailed to alleviate the shortage of supplement for cities,particularly 1 302 institutions in Chongqing.(2) The cities in China generally face high pressure of inclusive childcare service construction.Among them,more than 85% cities are in the state of medium or high pressure.The pressure presents the spatial stratification pattern of “low in the north and high in the south”.(3) The results reveal that the pressure type of the first-and second-state early-warning cities are characterized by “three-dimension or two-dimension” high pressure,while the third-state warning cities are characterized by “non-directional” low pressure.Therefore,coping strategies of barrier breaking,supply increasing,advantage utilization,and multi-subject building are proposed to achieve downgrading,pressure reduction,and shortage reduction according to the pressure type of cities.