生活圈视角下城市教育服务设施布局与供需关系分析——以郑州市主城区初中教育为例

Analysis of Characteristics of Layout of Urban Education Service Facilities and Relationship between Supply and Demand from Perspective of Living Circle:An Example of Junior High School Education in Zhengzhou Main Urban Area

基于POI数据、土地利用数据、OSM路网数据等数据,运用ArcGIS Pro软件进行空间分析,对基础教育资源的空间可达性进行研究甄别,计算郑州市主城区内初中教育资源的供需匹配度及学校可达性。结果表明:(1)教育机会均衡方面,初中教育设施存在空间分布不均衡的现象。中心老城区教育机会远大于其他区域,西部区域教育机会大于东部地区。(2)教育资源供需匹配程度上,以京广线、陇海线为轴线,在老城区内部呈现出对称性分布,初中教育资源可满足大部分地区的需求,非老城区区域内,以区域中心地区为主,初中教育资源的供给较为均衡,城市边缘区域则呈现出低需求-低供给的均衡模式或者出现教育资源供不应求的局面。(3)从学校可达性角度上来看,中心老城区及各区域内核心区域初中服务范围覆盖程度很高,但仍有一定数量的住宅小区分布在15分钟生活圈之外,学生上学需要花费较多的时间,各区域边缘地区生活圈内教育资源较少,需要跨区域就读。(4)在教育资源配置方面,各初中之间的配置水平和教育质量水平同样存在较大差异,教育资源配置不均衡,优质初中集中分布在城市三环线以内。

Taking Zhengzhou City as an example,based on POI data,land use data,OSM road network data and other data,ArcGIS Pro software was used for spatial analysis to study and screen the spatial accessibility of basic education resources,and to calculate the matching degree of supply and demand of junior high school education resources and school accessibility within the main urban area of Zhengzhou City.The results show that:(1)In terms of balanced educational opportunities,there is an uneven spatial distribution of junior high school educational facilities.The educational opportunities in the central old city are much greater than those in other areas,and the educational opportunities in the west side area are greater than those in the east.(2)In terms of the matching degree of supply and demand of educational resources,with the Beijing-Guangzhou and Longhai lines as the axes,a symmetrical distribution is shown within the old urban areas,where junior high school educational resources can meet the demand of most areas,and the supply of junior high school educational resources can be balanced within the non-old urban areas,mainly in the regional center,while the urban fringe areas show a balanced pattern of low demand-low supply or the supply of educational resources exceeds the demand.(3)From the perspective of school accessibility,the old city center and the core areas within each region have a high degree of junior high school service coverage,but there are still a certain number of residential neighborhoods distributed outside the 15-minute living circle,and students need to spend more time to go to school,and there are fewer educational resources in the living circle in the fringe areas of each region,which require cross-regional schooling.(4)In terms of education resource allocation,there are also large differences in the level of allocation and education quality among junior high schools,and the allocation of education resources is uneven,with high-quality junior high schools concentrated within the third ring road of the city.