长江口刀鲚生物学特征与摄食生态学研究进展

Research Progress in Biological Characteristics and Feeding Ecology of Coilia Nasus in the Yangtze River Estuary

简述了禁捕前长江口刀鲚的形态特征、年龄和生长、洄游习性等生物学特征。指出目前长江口刀鲚的优势年龄为1~2龄,繁殖群体呈低龄化和小型化趋势。结合刀鲚的摄食生态学,分析了近年来刀鲚摄食习性研究方法及影响其摄食习性变化的因素。结果表明,目前对刀鲚摄食习性的研究方法,主要采用胃含物分析法;刀鲚摄食习性变化与自身个体发育、海域中优势饵料分布、水温和性腺成熟度等因素有关。提出,未来可以结合胃含物分析法、稳定同位素技术和DNA条形码等方法,对刀鲚胃中已经消化或半消化的摄食对象进行物种鉴定,更全面地掌握刀鲚的摄食习性。

The morphological characteristics,age,growth,migration habits and other biological characteristics of Yangtze estuary Coilia nasus before the ban were briefly described.It is pointed out that the dominant age of the Yangtze estuary C.nasus is 1-2 years old,and the breeding population shows a trend of younger age and miniaturization.Combined with the feeding ecology of C.nasus,the research methods of feeding habits and the factors affecting the changes of feeding habits of C.nasus in recent years were analyzed,indicating that the current food composition analysis method was mainly adopted by gastric content analysis,and the changes of feeding habits were related to their own individual development,dominant bait distribution in the sea,water temperature and gonadal maturity.It is proposed that in the future,methods such as gastric content analysis,stable isotope technology and DNA barcoding can be combined to identify the species of digested or semi-digested feeding objects in the stomach of the C.nasus,so as to grasp the feeding habits of the C.nasus more comprehensively.