不同渍涝灾害应对措施对夏玉米长势与产量的影响

Influence of Waterlogging at Booting Stage of Summer Maize and Its Countermeasures

2021年7月18-21日河南省漯河地区连续4 d强降雨共计185.60 mm,正值当地夏玉米孕穗期。在渍涝发生后,在河南省漯河市的中国农业科学院作物科学研究所试验田,通过设置雨停后立即排水(T1)、雨停后立即排水+滴灌追氮肥(T2)、雨停后3 d排水(T3)、雨停后3 d排水+滴灌追氮肥(T4)共4个应对措施和不处理(CK)共5个处理,测定不同处理下关键生育期的地上与地下部生物量、叶面积指数及产量相关性状。结果表明,CK处理(5 d后田间无地表积水)绝产,其他4个处理获得平均产量6.98 t/hm^(2),其中,及时排水处理产量平均较3 d后排水处理提高21.28%,及时排水后施肥处理较不施肥处理产量提高8.07%,3 d后排水并施肥处理较仅排水不施肥处理产量提高15.33%,较及时排水处理低5.04%。及时排水、补充氮肥缓解了涝渍对根系生长、叶面积及地上部干物质积累的负面影响,从而降低产量损失,是应对玉米孕穗期渍涝的有效手段。

From July 18-21,2021,the Luohe area in Henan province experienced heavy rainfall for four con⁃secutive days,reaching a total of 185.60 mm.This rain occurred during the summer maize booting stage and result⁃ed in waterlogging.The experiments were conducted at the crop science research institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Luohe city,Henan province,after the floods had subsided.This study includes four coun⁃termeasures:drainage immediately after the rain stop(T1),drainage immediately after the rain stop+fertilizer applica⁃tion(T2),drainage 3 d after the rain stop(T3),drainage 3 d after the rain stop+fertilizer application(T4),as well as natural drainage(CK).Above-ground dry matter weight,below-ground root dry weight,and leaf area index were in⁃vestigated for key fertility periods after the disaster.The data showed that the natural drainage treatment(no surface water in the field after 5 d was no yield,and the other four treatments still achieved an average yield of 6.98 t/ha.The yield of T1 treatment was 21.28% higher than that of T3,T2 treatment was 8.07% higher than that of T1,and T4 treatment was 15.33% higher than that of T3,However,it is still 5.04%lower than T1 treatment with drainage immediately.Drainage immediately and supplement of nitrogen fertilizer can alleviate the yield loss by reducing the negative effects of waterlogging on root growth,leaf area and aboveground dry matter accumulation,which is an ef⁃fective means to deal with waterlogging during the booting stage of maize.