深松对控释肥养分释放及春玉米氮效率的影响

Effects of Subsoiling on Nutrient Release of Controlled Release Fertilizer and Nitrogen Efficiency of Spring Maize

以深松耕作(SS)和浅旋耕作(RT)两种耕作方式为主区,以施用普通化肥(HY)、控释肥(CN)和不施氮肥3种施肥模式为副区,分析控释肥的养分释放率、控释肥和普通化肥氮素积累量及产量、氮效率的变化。结果表明,与浅旋耕作处理相比,深松处理提高0~15 cm土层土壤温度,苗期-吐丝期提高0.36℃~3.79℃,土壤含水量提高0.55%~5.74%;0~40 cm土层土壤容重降低0.69%~7.3%,提高控释肥养分释放率1.5%~13.8%,养分释放率与土壤温度显著相关(r=0.557,p<0.01)。深松处理下,施控释肥氮素积累量显著高于普通化肥,提高幅度为8.46%~125.43%,千粒重平均高6.17%,产量平均高11.96%,氮肥农学利用效率平均高122.76%。深松有利于土壤氮素供应与作物需氮的时空匹配,进而提高作物产量及氮效率。

Subsoil tillage(SS)and shallow rotation tillage(RT)were the main factor,and ordinary chemical fertil⁃izer(HY),controlled release fertilizer(CN)and no nitrogen fertilizer were the subplot treatment,the nutrient release rate of controlled release fertilizer,the change of nitrogen accumulation,yield and nitrogen efficiency under ordinary chemical fertilizer and controlled release fertilizer were analyzed.The results showed that,compared with shallow ro⁃tation tillage,subsoiling tillage increased soil temperature and water content in 0-15 cm soil layer,soil temperature increased 0.36℃-3.79℃,and soil water content increased 0.55%-5.74%.Soil bulk density in 0-40 cm soil layer decreased by 0.69%-7.3%,and nutrient release rate of controlled release fertilizer increased by 1.5%-13.8%.The nutrient release rate was significantly correlated with soil temperature(r=0.557,p<0.01).Under subsoiling treatment,nitrogen accumulation,1000-grain weight,yield and nitrogen use efficiency of controlled release fertilizer were in⁃creased by 8.46%-125.43%,6.17%,11.96%,and 122.76%,respectively.In conclusion,subsoiling increased plant nitrogen accumulation and improved the spatio-temporal coincidence between soil nitrogen supply and crop nitro⁃gen demand,which was conducive to the increase of yield and nitrogen efficiency.