辽宁省黑土区土壤养分时空差异化及其与气象因子的关系

Spatiotemporal Differentiation Analysis of Soil Nutrient Index in the Black Soil Area of Liaoning Province and Their Relationships with Meteorological Factors

通过对2004-2019年辽宁省黑土地进行野外采样及分析,测定土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾和pH值4个指标,利用GIS和统计分析方法,研究黑土区土壤养分指标时空特征及其与气象因子的相关性。结果表明,年际间,碱解氮含量整体上无明显变化,速效磷、速效钾含量和pH值呈增长趋势。空间上,碱解氮和速效磷含量呈东高西低分布,速效钾含量呈西南向东北升高分布,pH值呈东低西高分布。降水量对碱解氮的影响最大,风速对速效磷、速效钾和pH值的影响最大,且与速效磷和速效钾呈显著相关。风速对土壤养分的影响最大,应注重土壤养分的变化监测及风速的影响,严格控制氮磷钾肥的施用量,提升粮食综合生产能力。

Field sampling was conducted on black soil in Liaoning province from 2004 to 2019,and four indica⁃tors of available nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium and pH were measured.The spatial and tempo⁃ral characteristics of soil nutrient indicators in black soil area and their correlation with meteorological factors were studied by the methods of GIS and statistical analysis.The results showed that,there was no significant change in the content of available nitrogen between years.The content of available phosphorus available potassium and pH val⁃ues showed an increasing trend.Spatially,the content of available nitrogen and available phosphorus was higher in the east and lower in the west,the content of available potassium increased from southwest to northeast,and the pH value was low in the east and high in the west.Precipitation had the greatest effect on available nitrogen,wind speed had the greatest effect on available phosphorus,available potassium and pH,and wind speed was significantly asso⁃ciated with available phosphorus and available potassium.The wind speed had the greatest influence on soil nutri⁃ents.Attention should be paid to the monitoring of changes in soil nutrients and the influence of wind speed,and the application amount of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be strictly controlled,in order to im⁃prove the comprehensive grain production capacity.