当代西方剧场艺术中的时间实验

Experiments of Time in Contemporary Western Theatre Arts

在当代剧场艺术中,时间是一个非常重要的概念,它在不同形态的演出里呈现不同的特质。以剧本为中心的戏剧时间是虚构和叙事的时间。二十世纪六七十年代,在后戏剧剧场一类的当代剧场创作中出现了新的时间现象:表演中的重复手法、慢动作、超长时间与拼贴结构间离了观众对戏剧情节时间产生的幻觉,使观众感知与体验到时间的存在与变化,从而使时间转变为一种审美体验的对象。在一些作品中,观众的时间参与了演出,观众的行动成为作品的一部分。“时间”成为观众和表演者共同经历的一段真实的“时间进程”,形成了一种平等的且互相参照、互相渗透的时间经历。

Time is a very important concept and it manifests different characteristics in different forms of performance in contemporary theatre arts.In the text⁃centered theatre,time is fictional and narrative.In the 1960s and 1970s,new ways of expressing time have emerged in contemporary theatre creation such as the post⁃dramatic theatre.The audience is distanced from the illusion of fictional time via repetition,slow motion,overlong performance,and structural collage in performance so that the audience can perceive and experience the existence and change of time.Hence time is turned into an object of the aesthetic experience in theatre.In some productions,the audience's physical time and action become part of the performance.Time becomes a real process that both the audience and the performer experience together,forming an equal,mutually referenced,and permeable experience of time.