中国国家地质公园时空异质性特征及其影响因素分析

Spatial-Temporal Heterogeneity and Its Influencing Factors in National Geoparks of China

基于国家地质公园的政策演变和发展历程,选取2004,2009,2014和2019年4个时间截面相关指标数据,采用最邻近指数、核密度分析、重心标准差椭圆、地理探测器等方法研究其时空异质性特征与影响因素。研究结果表明:①国家地质公园呈现显著的凝聚分布,但省域间分布差异明显,七大地理分区间大致形成了以华东地区、西南地区为核心的集中分布地区,呈现出“大集聚、小分散”的分布格局;空间分布格局与地势阶梯过渡带高度吻合,空间分布差异显著。②国家地质公园呈井喷式增长态势,不同时间节点国家地质公园空间态势呈现出不均衡性,具有“点状分散,点带状集中”的特点,分布密度不均衡性程度逐渐减弱,分布重心小幅度向北偏移并趋于稳定。③地质条件、地形地貌、河流、植被等自然因素是影响国家地质公园空间分布格局的主要因素;国家地质公园空间分布格局更多受到多因子综合作用的影响,经济发展能力与在生态环境质量在交互作用中均占据主导地位,社会发展水平、基础设施建设、旅游发展态势、区域发展质量对国家地质公园空间布局均存在不同程度的影响。

On the basis of evolution and development of policies in the national geoparks,with the related index data in 4 time section(i.e.,2004,2009,2014 and 2019)as the research object,methods such as the most adjacent index,center of gravity standard deviation ellipse,kernel density analysis,exploratory spatial data analysis technology and geography detector method were used to study the spatial and temporal heterogeneity characteristics and influencing factors.Results are obtained as follows.(1)The distribution of national geoparks is significantly condensed,but it is obviously different among provinces.Seven geographical regions present a rough concentrated distribution area with East China and Southwest China as cores,showing a distribution pattern of“large agglomeration and small dispersion”.The spatial distribution pattern is highly consistent with the terrain ladder transition zone,and the spatial distribution is significantly different.(2)The national geoparks show a spurt growth trend.An imbalance can be seen for the spatial situation of the national geoparks at different time cut-off points with the characteristics of“point-like dispersion and point-belt-like centralization”.The distribution density of the national geoparks gradually weakens,and the center of gravity of the national geoparks shifts slightly to the north and tends to be stable.(3)Natural factors,such as geological conditions,landforms,rivers and vegetation,are the main factors affecting the spatial distribution pattern of national geoparks.Spatial distribution pattern of the national geoparks is more influenced by multifactor comprehensive function,with the economic development capacity and the ecological environment quality being dominant in the interaction.Besides,the social development level,infrastructure construction,tourism development situation and regional development quality are influencing factors with different degrees.