硬岩泄水洞“取芯+劈裂”非爆法施工技术及改进

Construction Technology and Improvement of"Coring+Splitting"Non-Explosive Method for Hard Rock Water Releasing Tunnel

为解决复杂环境下(不允许爆破)硬岩(如Ⅱ、Ⅲ级围岩)小断面隧洞非爆掘进工法选择难题,基于非爆工法适用性比选,采用“周边取芯+中部劈裂”非爆开挖进行现场施工,分别对其环境影响及施工效果进行分析。研究及试验结果表明:“周边取芯+中部劈裂”非爆开挖技术较适用于复杂环境条件下整体性良好的硬岩或中硬岩(Ⅱ、Ⅲ级围岩)隧洞掘进;小型“周边取芯+中部劈裂”机具施工时,其劳动强度大,施工效率不高,安全性亦不佳,日进尺在1 m左右。为提高非爆条件下大断面硬岩或中硬岩(Ⅱ、Ⅲ级围岩)隧道安全快速掘进,研制或应用大型钻劈一体机及其施工工艺势在必行。

To select appropriate non-explosive construction technologies for small cross-section tunnel in complex hard rocks,the non-explosive construction technology of peripheral coring and central splitting is adopted and its influence on surrounding environment and construction effect are analyzed.The analytical and test results show the following:(1)The recommended non-explosive construction technology is applicable to tunneling in relatively favorable hard rock or medium-hard rock(GradesⅡandⅢsurrounding rocks).(2)The small-scale construction machinery and tools have disadvantages such as high working intensity,low tunneling efficiency,and poor safety,resulting in low advancing speed of 1 m/d.As a result,large-scale drilling-splitting integrated machinery and its construction technology should be developed.