域名买卖合同的客体定位及其履行规则——以《德国民法典》的修订作为比较

On the Object and Performance Rules of Domain Name Sale Contract with the Revision of the German Civil Code as a Comparison

域名转让规则存在争议。域名是持有人与域名注册及管理机构的债权债务关系,还是作为归属于持有人的无体动产,有不同的理解。基于对域名客体属性认识的差异,域名的转让是买卖合同还是事务处理合同,是动产买卖还是权利买卖或者债权债务的概括移转,有不同的观点。我国的司法裁判观点将域名作为动产,并适用动产买卖规则。这与欧美国家的主流学理和司法裁判观点不同。这种差异的合理性需要反思性的论证。在域名适用动产买卖合同规则的路径下,如何理解域名的交付以及所有权移转义务,域名买卖合同与归属权变动的关系,也需要结合我国的交易实践,基于司法裁判观点以及法律实证规定澄清、反思和确定。域名买卖合同的客体定位和履行规则,对《民法典》买卖合同客体规则的体系化也有意义。

Controversies exist on the rules of domain name transfer contract.There are different understandings as to whether a domain name is an obligatory relationship between the holder and the registration and administration authority,or as an intangible movable property of the holder.Based on the differences in the understanding of the object of domain names,there are different views on whether the transfer of domain names should be governed by the rules on the contract of sale or on the contract of management affairs of another,and whether the transfer of domain names is a sale of movable property,a sale of right or a general transfer of obligatory relation.China's judicial decisions consider domain names as a kind of movable property and apply the rules on the sale of movable property,which is different from the mainstream doctrine and judicial opinions in European countries and USA.The reasonableness of this difference requires reflective argumentation.Under the path of applying the rules on the contract of sale of movable property to domain names,how to understand the obligation of delivering domain names and transferring ownership,and the relationship between the contract of sale of domain names and the change of ownership,also needs to be clarified,reflected and determined in the context of China's transaction practice and based on the judicial decisions and legal provisions.The clarification of the object and the performance rules of the sale contract of domain names is also of great significance to the systematization of the rules on the object of the sale contract in the Chinese Civil Code.