论主观化证明于认罪案件中的司法适用

On the Judicial Application of Subjective Proof in the Guilty Plea Cases

基于严格的证据裁判的客观立场,我国刑事立法与刑事司法较为排斥推定、情理推断、经验法则等主观化证明方法,严格限制事实审理者采取建立在相对自由之经验主义立场之上的主观判断与心证形成方法。而作为证据裁判原则实现的特定路径可能,主观化证明与客观化证明均为有效且可行的证明方式,两者分别契合于不同的证明逻辑与实践惯性。主观化证明的司法适用不仅可以作为印证证明的有益补充,弥补印证证明方法本身所具有的僵化性,而且能够契合认罪案件于诉讼模式、诉讼程序、诉讼目的以及诉讼证明层面的特殊性因由。为有效走出我国当下认罪案件法庭审理之中主观化证明所呈现出应然可用与实然在用,慎用、需用、误用与滥用并存的“矛盾化”现实镜像,刑事立法与刑事司法亟待在转变诉讼理念,正视心证司法功用,完善主观化证明所需的配套制度保障的同时,合理划定主观化证明的适用前提,明晰方法适用的合理性检验标准,从观念、规范、程序、制度等多重维度,积极探索出主观化证明于我国当下的认罪案件法庭审理之中如何优化的“通幽曲径”。

Based on the objective position of strict judging evidence,China's criminal legislation and judicature are relatively exclusive of subjective proof methods,such as presumption,argumentative experimental inference and empirical rules,strictly restrict the trier of fact to adopt the subjective judgment and the formation method of free evidence evaluation based on the empirical position of relative freedom.However,as a specific path to realize the evidence-governing principle,subjective proof and objective proof are both effective and feasible mode of proof,which are respectively consistent with different proof logic and practice inertia.The judicial application of subjective proof can not only be a useful supplement to the corroboration,make up for the rigidity of the corroboration,but also meet the special reasons of the guilty plea cases in the litigation mode,litigation procedure,litigation purpose and litigation proof level.In order to go out of the"contradictory"realistic mirror image of the subjective proof in the court trial of guilty plea cases effectively,which shows that it should be available and actually used,and that it should be used cautiously,needed,misused and abused,criminal legislation and judicature need to change the concept of litigation and face up to the judicial function of free evidence evaluation.While improving the supporting institutional guarantee required by subjective proof,reasonably define the applicable premise of subjective proof,clarify the rationality test standard applicable to the method from multiple dimensions such as concept,specification,procedure and system,and actively explore how to optimize the subjective proof in the current court trial of guilty plea cases in China.