民事执行救济制度体系研究

A Research on the System of Civil Enforcement Remedies

执行救济体系是以一系列概念、理论、原则、制度、规则所组成的规范体系。执行救济体系应当以若干概念为基础进行教义学展开,但这样的概念不是评价性概念,而是具有明确内涵与外延,能够将规范背后的价值体现在规则体系内,且可被逻辑的的概念,比如“违法执行”“不当执行”等。从执行救济制度类型上看,执行救济既包含诉讼性制度安排,也包含非诉讼性质的制度安排。从过程功能上看,执行救济是从诉讼到执行,从执行衍生诉讼,再到执行的关键性制度安排,即有执行依据的补强功能,也是执行案外人权益的保护功能。本文的主要观点是从执行救济规范的评价对象执行行为入手,以执行行为理论为基石,区分出违法执行和不当执行,提出“行为合法性”与“结果正当性”的执行救济二元规范评价理论。

The system of enforcement remedies is a normative system composed of a series of concepts,theories,principles,institutions,and regulations.The system of enforcement remedies should be founded upon several concepts to facilitate doctrinal development.However,these concepts are not evaluative concepts but instead hold distinct intensions and extensions that are able to reflect the underlying values in the system of rules and can be logically conceptualized,such as"illegal enforcement,""improper enforcement,".From the perspective of the various forms of enforcement remedies systems,it may include both a litigation-based system and a non-litigation-based system.On the matter of functionality in terms of procedure,enforcement remedies are key institutional arrangements initiated by a lawsuit,proceeding on to execution and later litigation,and then to execution.It not only serves as a reinforcement towards the execution basis but also protects the human rights of non-parties to an execution.This article mainly seeks to venture into the discussion via the enforcement mode of the enforcement remedies implementation's evaluation object,and based upon the theory of enforcement mode,distinguish between illegal enforcement and improper enforcement and propose a bi-dimensional normative evaluation theory of"behavior legality"and"result legitimacy"for enforcement remedies.