“北溪之怒”:嘉定年间的朱陆后学道统之争

The Anger of Chen Chun:The Debate on Confucian Orthodoxy Between the Disciples of Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan During the Jiading Period of the Southern Song Dynasty

嘉定十年,当久居漳州的朱熹门人陈淳抵达临安、严陵时,他对陆学进行了罕见而激烈的批评,甚至将陆学贬为“无一句是”“吾道之贼”。如此罕见而激烈的“愤怒”,由此成为理学史上朱陆之争中的标志性事件,甚至被认为是朱陆后学纷争不断的“导火索”。但回到嘉定年间理学发展的历史脉络,会发现陈淳对于陆门的批评并不突然,而是与朱陆门人在嘉定年间的道统之争有关。嘉定年间朱陆门人的道统之争,既是对朱陆二人道统之争的接续与转换,也与嘉定年间理学所面临的发展形势密切相关。朱陆门人各自建构的道统叙述,最终刺激了陈淳对陆门予以激烈的批评。

In the tenth year of the Jiading(嘉定)Period of the Southern Song Dynasty,Chen Chun(陈淳),a disciple of Zhu Xi(朱熹),who lived in Zhangzhou(漳州)for a long time,arrived in Lin'an(临安)and Yanling(严陵),and there he made a rare and fierce criticism on the School of Lu Jiuyuan(陆九渊),even describing Lu Jiuyuan's theory as"nothing right"and"the enemy of Confucianism",Chen Chun's rare and intense"anger"then became a landmark event in the debate between the School of Zhu Xi and the School of Lu Jiuyuan in the history of Neo-Confucianism,and was even considered as the"fuse"'for the continuous disputes between the followers of Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan.But reviewing the history of the development of Neo-Confucianism during the Jiading Period,we will find that Chen Chun's criticism of Lu Jiuyuan was not abruptly made,but was related to the then debate on Confucian orthodoxy between the disciples of Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan.This debate on Confucian orthodoxy between the followers of the two schools during the Jiading Period was a continuation and transformation of the debate between Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan,and was also closely related to the developmental situation of Neo-Confucianism during the Jiading Period,which eventually generated Chen Chun's fierce criticism on the School of Lu Jiuyuan.