法地理学视域下的农村村民一户一宅制度

The System of One House for One Rural Villager from the Perspective of Legal Geography

法地理学强调法律的地理属性,关注地方立法,突出空间思维,在解释和解决特定民事法律问题上具有明显的理论优势。农村村民一户一宅制度的科学解释和未来发展,应当从《民法典》的体系出发,运用法地理学思维,强化空间正义理念指引,突出空间平等、空间自由和空间效率。基于《民法典》自然人概念体系负载的价值理念,要逐步弱化户籍意义上的“农村村民”,强化地域意义上的“农村居民”,确保城乡居民对宅基地均可以享有宅基地权益。基于《民法典》采用“宅基地使用权人”,而没有采用“宅基地使用户”的体系解释,对“一户”的认定标准应当宽松,逐步满足“一户”成员请求分割宅基地的利益诉求。为实现更高层次的空间公平,要更多考虑“一宅”的区域差异、面积大小和空间利用等地理属性,通过对《民法典》相关条款的合理解释,实现宅基地制度渐进式变迁。

To solve the specific civil legal issue,this article try to provide a legal interpretation geographically,and strengthen the guidance of spatial justice,and highlight spatial equality,spatial freedom and spatial efficiency.Based on the value of natural persons of the Civil Code,we shall gradually weaken the concept of"rural villagers"in the household registration system and strengthen the concept of"rural residents"regionally,so that the rights and interests of can not only be enjoyed by rural residents,but also can be enjoyed by urban residents.In order to explain the Civil Code systematically,which adopts the concept of"a holder of rights to use residential land"rather than the concept of"one housing of rights to use residential land",the identification of"one housing"should be broader to meet the interests of the members of"one household"gradually,and more consideration should be given to the geographical attributes of"one household",such as regional differences and area size and spacial utilization.Through reasonable interpretation of the relevant provisions of the Civil Code,the gradual change of the homestead system can be realized.