包衣尿素对土壤氮素供应量及辣椒氮素利用率的影响

Effects of Coated Urea on Soil Nitrogen Availability and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Pepper

以制干红辣椒为试材,采用田间试验法,研究了硫包尿素、炭包尿素和普通尿素对土壤氮素供应量、辣椒产量及氮素利用效率等的影响,以期为包膜尿素的一次性施用提供参考依据。结果表明:与普通尿素处理相比,硫包尿素、炭包尿素处理的产量分别提高17.58%和11.77%,氮素利用率分别提高9.00%、6.26%、氮素农学效率分别提高2.58 kg·kg^(-1)和1.73 kg·kg^(-1),氮素偏生产力分别提高17.58%和9.78%。在一次性基施下,包衣尿素处理保证辣椒全生育期充足的土壤氮素供应量。在0~20 cm土层,与普通尿素处理相比,包膜尿素处理的土壤全氮供应量在收获期提高22.89%~24.68%;在开花期土壤硝态氮供应量提高39.13%~59.84%;在盛果期土壤铵态氮供应量提高14.04%~17.86%。同时,包衣尿素处理可以提高辣椒各生育期干物质积累量,收获期辣椒干物质积累量提高12.06%~18.86%。一次性基施包衣尿素能有效提高土壤的氮素供应量,可以促进干物质向辣椒果实的积累和转运,以硫包尿素处理的施用效果最佳。

Taking dried red pepper as the sample material,the effects of sulfur coated urea,charcoal oated urea and ordinary urea on soil nitrogen supply,pepper yield and nitrogen use efficiency were studied by field experiments,in order to provide reference for the one time application of enveloped urea.The results showed that,when compared to the common urea treatment,the yields of sulfur coated urea and carbon coated urea increased by 17.58%and 11.77%,respectively.Likewise,the nitrogen utilization efficiency increased by 9.00%and 6.26%,the nitrogen agronomic efficiency increased by 2.58 kg·kg^(-1)and 1.73 kg·kg^(-1),and the nitrogen partial productivity increased by 17.58%and 9.78%.Coated urea treatment could provide enough soil nitrogen supply for the entire pepper growing season under a single basal application.Comparing coated urea treatment to uncoated urea treatment,the total nitrogen supply in the 0-20 cm soil layer increased by 22.89%-24.68%during the harvest period;the supply of soil nitrate nitrogen increased by 39.13%-59.84%at the flowering stage;and the supply of soil ammonium nitrogen increased by 14.04%-17.86%throughout the entire fruit period.The dry matter accumulation of pepper increased by 12.06%to 18.86%during the harvest period after receiving the coated urea treatment,which might also boost the dry matter accumulation of pepper during each growth stage.Coated urea used as a base once could significantly increase the soil′s nitrogen supply and encourage the deposition and transportation of dry matter to pepper fruits.The finest application result came from sulfurcoated urea treatment.