控水条件下不同肥料配比对葡萄生长的影响

Effects of Fertilizer Ratio on Grape Growth Under Water Control Condition

以鹿泉区凤凰三露果蔬生态园内的‘金优2号’葡萄为试材,采用常规‘3414’肥效试验,在葡萄不同生育期设置不同氮磷钾施用量,研究在控水条件下不同肥料施用量对葡萄产量、品质及葡萄园土壤化学性状和肥料利用率的影响,以期解决葡萄生产过程中肥水管理不当而造成的葡萄产量低、品质劣的问题。结果表明:在低于常规灌溉量(常规灌溉量指当地习惯灌溉量),将葡萄总灌溉量和施肥量在不同的生育阶段进行分配,按照处理6(N_(2)P_(2)K_(2))进行施肥,对葡萄产量和品质以及土壤的养分含量及肥料利用率效果最好,即按照葡萄萌芽期氮(156 kg·hm^(-2))、磷(90 kg·hm^(-2))、钾(45 kg·hm^(-2)),幼果期氮(117 kg·hm^(-2))、磷(90 kg·hm^(-2))、钾(135 kg·hm^(-2)),膨大期氮(78 kg·hm^(-2))、磷(60 kg·hm^(-2))、钾(135 kg·hm^(-2)),着色期氮(39 kg·hm^(-2))、磷(60 kg·hm^(-2))、钾(136 kg·hm^(-2))进行施肥,葡萄产量及品质指标均较好。

Taking‘Jinyou No2’grape from Fenghuang Sanlu Fruit and Vegetable Ecological Park in Luquan District as test material,the conventional‘3414’fertilizer effect test was used,and different application rates of NPK were set in different growth stages of grape.The effects of different fertilizer application rates on grape yield and quality,soil chemical characters and fertilizer utilization rate in vineyard under water control condition were studied,in order to solve the problems of low yield and poor quality caused by improper management of fertilizer and water during grape production.The results showed that,when the irrigation amount was lower than the conventional irrigation amount(conventional irrigation amount refers to the local customary irrigation amount),the total irrigation amount and fertilizer application amount of grapes were distributed in different growth stages,and fertilization was carried out according to treatment 6(N_(2)P_(2)K_(2)),which had the best effect on grape yield and quality,soil nutrient content and fertilizer utilization rate.That is,according to the grape germination nitrogen(156 kg·hm^(-2)),phosphorus(90 kg·hm^(-2))potassium(45 kg·hm^(-2)),fruit set nitrogen(117 kg·hm^(-2)),phosphorus(90 kg·hm^(-2)),potassium(135 kg·hm^(-2)),strong fruit nitrogen(78 kg·hm^(-2)),phosphorus(60 kg·hm^(-2)),potassium(135 Fertilization with kg·hm^(-2),N(39 kg·hm^(-2)),P(60 kg·hm^(-2)),K(136 kg·hm^(-2))at the colouring stage yielded good grape yield and quality indicators.