“他者凝视”与“自我塑像”——PISA媒体报道中“中国教育形象”的话语生产机制研究

“Gaze of Others”and“Self⁃narrative”:Discourse Production and International Comparison of“China's Education Image”in PISA Press Releases

新闻报道中的“中国教育形象”是媒体话语所建构的国内外公众对中国教育的总体感知和价值判断。本文以中外新闻媒体2002—2022年涉及中国教育的PISA新闻语料为基础,综合运用文献计量学的量化方法及批判性隐喻分析的质性方法,对中外媒体近二十年的“中国教育形象”话语生产进行共时与历时性分析发现:宏观结构层面,全球场域里中国教育的话语热度由边缘逐渐走入中心。在国际媒体鲜明的西方中心主义凝视语境之下,中国媒体在向世界补充被忽视、被隐去的中国教育教学专业化优势及中国学生全面的能力画像方面作出了可见的努力。微观结构层面,中外媒体对中国教育的表征从早期工业化的“工厂”隐喻逐渐过渡为面向“第三次产业革命”的“生产投资”隐喻。中国媒体的话语生产中,基于文化优势和价值观引领的原创性概念、理论解释与隐喻建构十分匮乏。未来的中国教育发展应扎根中国、融通中外,从多途径、多渠道梳理中国经验,消融文化差异,构建更具普适性的教育知识,在世界舞台讲好中国教育故事。

“China's Education Image”in press releases is the overall perception and value judgment of China's education by the international and domestic public as constructed by the media discourse.Based on the PISA news corpus of Chinese and foreign news media from 2002 to 2022 on the topic of“China's Education,”using the quantitative method of bibliometrics and the qualitative method of critical metaphor analysis,this paper analyzed the discourse production of“China's Education Image”in Chinese and foreign media in the past two decades.This study found that at the macro⁃structural level,the discursive fervor of China's education in the global arena is gradually moving from the periphery to the center.In the context of the distinctly Western⁃centric gaze of the international media,Chinese media have made visible efforts to add to the world's neglected and hidden strengths in the specialization of China's education and teaching and a more comprehensive picture of Chinese students'abilities.At the micro⁃structural level,Chinese and foreign media representations of China's education have gradually shifted from the“Factory”metaphor of early industrialization to the“Production Investment”metaphor of the“3rd Industrial Revolution”.When the Chinese media force the superiority of China's education,there is a lack of original concepts,theoretical explanations,and metaphorical constructions based on cultural superiority and value leadership.The future development of China's education should be rooted in China,be in harmony with China and abroad,sort out China's experience from multiple ways and channels,dissolve cultural differences,build universal educational knowledge,and dissolve cultural differences,build universal educational knowledge,and tell“China's Education Story”on the world stage.