青藏高原陆生维管植物分布及其保护

Distribution pattern of terrestrial vascular plants and their conservation in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

青藏高原孕育有丰富的维管植物,且以濒危、特有和狭域物种众多为特点,其保护对维护区域生物生态安全具有至关重要的价值.因历史原因,已建保护地对区域维管植物的保护效率较低,急需开展面向维管植物保护的青藏高原保护地体系优化研究,以提升其保护效率.本研究通过揭示青藏高原维管植物多样性分布格局,识别热点地区、保护优先区和保护空缺,评估已建保护地和保护优先区的维管植物保护效率,进而提出面向维管植物保护的青藏高原已建保护地优化策略.结果显示,(ⅰ)青藏高原维管植物多样性分布整体由东南至西北递减,热点地区主要位于横断山区和东喜马拉雅山地;(ⅱ)识别的16个保护优先区主要位于青藏高原东部、东南部、南部和西北部,其对青藏高原维管植物的保护效率为97%以上;(ⅲ)已建保护地对区域维管植物(7.32%)及其濒危(4.81%)、特有(8.28%)和狭域物种(0.98%)的保护效率均较低,仅覆盖约1/4的保护优先区,青藏高原维管植物保护存在明显的保护空缺;(ⅳ)将本研究识别的Ⅰ级保护空缺(仅占青藏高原国土面积6.5%)用于保护地体系优化,可有效提升已建保护地对青藏高原维管植物的保护.本研究为探索面向青藏高原维管植物保护的已建保护地体系优化、区域经济社会发展和生物多样性保护之间权衡等提供了重要的依据.

Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is rich in vascular plants and is characterized by numerous endangered,endemic species,and its protection is of vital value to maintaining regional bio-ecological security.However,due to historical reasons,the conservation efficiency of the established protected areas for regional vascular plants is low.It is urgent to carry out research on the optimization of the protected areas system in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau for the protection of vascular plants to improve their conservation efficiency.Therefore,this study revealed the distribution pattern of vascular plant diversity in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,identified hotspots,conservation priority areas and conservation gaps,and evaluated conservation efficiency of vascular plants in established protected areas and conservation priority areas,to propose an optimization strategy for vascular plant conservation in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.The results showed that:(i)the overall distribution pattern of vascular plant diversity decreased from southeast to northwest,and the hotspots were mainly distributed in the Hengduan Mountains and the Eastern Himalayas.(ii)The 16 priority conservation areas were mainly located in the eastern,southeastern,southern and northwestern of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,and the conservation efficiency of vascular plants in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was over 97%.(iii)The conservation efficiency of vascular plants(7.32%)and their endangered(4.81%),endemic(8.28%)and narrow-ranged(0.98%)species in the established protected areas is very low,and only covers about 1/4 of the priority conservation area.There is an obvious conservation gap of vascular plants in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.(iv)The level I conservation gap identified in this study(only 6.5%of the total land area of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau)was used to optimize the protected areas system,which could effectively improve the protection of vascular plants in the existing protected areas.This study provides an important foundation for exploring the optimization of the established protected areas system for vascular plants’conservation in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.