液氧煤油并行加注安全性试验论证

Safety experimental demonstration of propellant parallel loading for LOX/kerosene rocket

液氧(LOX)煤油因推力大、密度比冲高、经济性好,是目前主流的液体火箭推进剂组合。但目前仍广泛采用的串行加注流程存在加注发射流程长、煤油加注后温升显著等不足。为实现液氧煤油并行加注的工程应用,通过氧气煤油封闭试验、液氧煤油泄漏试验和安全边界试验迭代开展了安全性试验论证。结果表明液氧煤油并行加注的安全性控制指标为煤油蒸气浓度小于1.80%,可通过控制煤油温度低于62.2℃或蒸气温度低于41.8℃实现。对发射场液氧煤油的典型泄漏工况,即使在气温为40.0℃、密闭等极端环境条件下煤油蒸气最大浓度仅为0.53%,因此并行加注仍是绝对安全的。研究成果已在某中型液氧煤油运载火箭2022年以来的发射服务中应用,实现了加注流程优化64%,发射日流程优化33%。

Liquid Oxygen(LOX)/kerosene is currently the mainstream liquid rocket propellant combination because of its high thrust,high density specific impulse,and low cost.However,the propellant serial loading procedure is still widely used at present,with the shortcomings such as tediously long countdown timeline,and significant temperature rise of kerosene after loading.For engineering application of LOX/kerosene parallel loading,safety experimental dem⁃onstration was conducted iteratively through oxygen/kerosene sealing experiments,LOX/kerosene leakage experi⁃ments,and safety boundary experiments.The results show that the safety indicators of LOX/kerosene parallel loading are that the kerosene vapor concentration is less than 1.80%,which can be achieved by controlling the kerosene tem⁃perature to be less than 62.2℃or the vapor temperature to be less than 41.8℃.Under the typical condition of leak⁃age at the launch complex,even under extreme environmental conditions such as 40℃temperature and airtightness,the maximum concentration of kerosene vapor is only 0.53%,hence LOX/kerosene parallel loading is still absolutely safe.The research results have been applied in the launch service of a medium LOX/kerosene launch vehicle since 2022,decreasing the propellant loading procedure by 64%and the countdown procedure by 33%.