电击威胁对时距知觉的影响——基于时距泛化任务的证据

Effect of Anxiety Induced by Unexpected Threat of Shock on Time Perception:Evidence Based on Time Generalization Task

目的:揭示电击威胁所诱发的状态焦虑对时距知觉的影响趋势。方法:基于时距泛化任务采用3(电击威胁概率:0%,30%,60%)×5(探测时距:600ms,800ms,1000ms,1200ms,1400ms)的被试内设计。因变量指标为“是”反应的比例和视觉模拟心境量表得分。结果:相比0%概率,30%和60%概率下,电击威胁诱发的状态焦虑情绪的强度依次增大;当探测时距为600ms、800ms以及1000ms时,30%和60%电击威胁概率下的“是”反应比例较0%电击威胁概率下低,然而,当探测时距为1200ms和1400ms时,0%、30%和60%电击威胁概率下的“是”反应比例依次降低。结论:(1)电击威胁能够有效诱发个体焦虑情绪;(2)诱发的焦虑情绪导致的时距偏估方向受时距长度调节,这可能是注意偏离、工作记忆损坏及唤醒提高等多重机制共同作用的结果。

Objective:In order to reveal the influence of unexpected threat stimuli on time perception.Methods:Based on time generalization task,the 3(probability of shock threat:0%,30%,60%)×5(probe duration:600ms,800ms,1000ms,1200ms,1400ms)within subject design was adopted.The dependent variable index was the proportion of“yes”response and VAMS scores.Results:Compared with 0%probability,the intensity of anxiety induced by shock threat was higher,and the proportion of“yes”response was lower(600ms,800ms,1000ms)under 30%and 60%probability.However,when the probe duration were 1200ms and 1400ms,the trend of“yes”response proportion was reducing with the change of elec⁃tric shock probability.Conclusion:(1)Unexpected threat stimuli can effectively induce anxiety.(2)This anxiety mainly leads to the underestimation of objective time,which may be caused by attention deviation,temporary impairment of work⁃ing memory and arousal increasing.