儿童积极消极共情量表的修订及信效度检验

Revision and Validation of the Positive and Negative Empathy Scale for Children

目的:修订儿童积极消极共情量表-家长评价版(Positive and Negative Empathy Scale for Children-parent version,PaNES-C-P)并检验其信效度。方法:在577名学龄前儿童家长中发放问卷,进行项目分析、探索性因子分析、验证性因子分析、因子间相关、跨性别等值性检验、内部一致性信度和效标关联效度分析。结果:儿童积极消极共情量表包括14个条目,分为积极共情和消极共情两个因素。各条目指标和两因素结构拟合良好,且在男孩、女孩中具有测量等值性。总量表、积极共情分量表、消极共情分量表Cronbach’sα系数分别为0.909,0.848,0.909。积极共情、消极共情均和亲社会行为正相关;积极共情和积极情绪正相关,和消极情绪负相关,和孤独症倾向负相关,且控制消极共情后仍相关显著;在控制积极共情后,消极共情和情绪不相关,和孤独症倾向正相关。结论:儿童积极消极共情量表具有良好的信度和效度,可以作为测量学前儿童积极消极共情的可靠工具。

Objective:This study aimed to translate and validate the Positive and Negative Empathy Scale for Children-parent version(PaNES-C-P).Methods:An online questionnaire booklet were distributed to 577 parents of preschool-aged children.The item analysis,exploratory factor analysis,confirmatory factor analysis,factor correlations,tests of mea⁃surement equivalence across gender,tests of internal consistency reliability and criterion-related validity were conducted.Results:The PaNES-C-P was comprised of 14 items,and our analyses showed a good-fitting two-factor model(one posi⁃tive-empathy latent factor and one negative-empathy latent factor).The measurement invariance across gender was con⁃firmed.The PaNES-C-P and its positive empathy and negative empathy subscales had excellent internal consistency(Cron⁃bach’sαvalues=0.909,0.848,0.909,respectively).The scale had good criterion-related validity.Results showed that posi⁃tive empathy and negative empathy were both positively correlated with prosocial behavior.Positive empathy was positively correlated with positive emotions,while inversely related to negative emotions and autistic tendency.These correlations were still significant even after controlling for negative empathy.Negative empathy was unrelated with emotions and posi⁃tively correlated with autistic tendency when the effects of positive empathy were taken into account.Conclusion:Our find⁃ings supported the use of the Chinese version of the PaNES-C-P as a reliable and valid instrument for studies of empathy in Chinese preschoolers.