高校危机干预中的隐私权保护:保密与保密例外

Crisis Intervention Privacy Protection at Universities:Confidentiality and Its Exceptions

目的:探索高校危机干预中心理咨询师对被干预对象隐私权保护及保密例外的看法和决策。方法:采用自编《高校咨询师危机干预过程中的隐私权保护调查问卷》通过网络对高校心理咨询师进行调查,收到有效问卷216份(男39人,女177人)。结果:高校心理危机干预人员绝大部分接受过专业培训和伦理培训。在不同风险情境下,高校咨询师关于选择是否突破保密原则、突破前是否获得知情同意、披露何种内容的决策有所不同。高校咨询师认为最低限度披露原则可操作性有限,对该原则的理解程度一般。咨询师工作年限、行政干预程度和危机风险等级对咨询师突破保密披露来访者信息限度有显著影响。结论:大部分参与危机干预的高校心理咨询师基本掌握了危机干预相关理论技术和伦理规范。高校危机干预中个案危机风险程度能够显著影响咨询师是否突破保密原则以及如何突破保密原则的决策,咨询师的工作年限及所在机构的行政干预程度对咨询师在危机干预中是否做出合乎伦理的选择具有重要影响。高校咨询师对最低限度披露原则的内涵和实操存在困惑。

Objective:To explore college counselors’understanding and decision-making of privacy protection and confidentiality during crisis intervention.Methods:A self-made questionnaire of privacy protection in context of crisis in⁃tervention was used to survey college counselors through the Internet,and 216 valid questionnaires were received(39 males and 177 females).Results:The majority of college counselors had received professional and ethical training.College coun⁃selors’decisions about whether to choose to breach the principle of confidentiality,whether to obtain informed consent be⁃fore doing so,and what to disclose varied across risk situations.College counselors perceived the principle of minimum dis⁃closure to be of limited operability and had an average level of understanding of the principle.Counselors’years of working,the administrative intervention,and the degree of risk were significantly correlated with the information disclosure.Conclu⁃sion:Most of the college counselors involved in crisis intervention basically mastered the theoretical techniques and ethical norms related to crisis intervention.The level of risk in crisis situations in higher education can significantly influence coun⁃selors’decisions on whether and how to break confidentiality,and counselors’years of experience and the level of adminis⁃trative intervention in their institutions have a significant impact on whether counselors make ethical choices in crisis inter⁃vention.There is confusion among college counselors about the meaning and practice of the principle of minimum disclo⁃sure.