留守困境与儿童学业成绩:品格优势与未来取向的链式中介作用

Left-behind Adversity and Children’s Academic Performance:the Chain Mediating Role of Character Strengths and Future Orientation

目的:考察留守儿童处境不利(简称留守困境)对其学业成绩的影响以及品格优势和未来取向的链式中介作用。方法:采用农村留守儿童处境不利问卷、学业成绩自我评定量表、中国中小学生积极心理品质量表和青少年未来取向问卷对1322名农村儿童进行调查。以其中693名留守儿童为分析对象,其他儿童为对照组仅参加研究变量的得分比较。结果:(1)与非留守儿童相比,留守儿童、曾留守儿童的留守困境得分较高、学业成绩评分较低,曾留守儿童的品格优势得分较低;(2)留守困境对留守儿童学业成绩有显著负向预测效应(β=-0.28,P<0.001);在此预测关系中,品格优势和未来取向既可单独发挥中介作用,也可以通过品格优势→未来取向路径发挥链式中介作用,中介效应占总效应的64.3%。结论:留守困境是留守儿童学业成绩的重要风险因素,其影响效应主要通过损耗儿童品格优势和未来取向来实现。

Objective:This article aims to explore the mechanism of left-behind children’s adversity(referred to as left-behind adversity)on their academic performance,as well as the chain mediating role of character strengths and future orientation.Methods:A total of 1322 rural children were surveyed with the Adversity Scale for Left-behind Children in Rural China,the Academic Achievement Self-Rating Scale,the Positive Mental Character Scale for Chinese School Stu⁃dents and the Questionnaire for Teenagers’Future Orientation.Among them,693 left-behind children were taken as partic⁃ipants,and the other children were taken as the control group only to be compared in the scores of the study variables.Re⁃sults:(1)Compared with non-left-behind children,left-behind children and former left-behind children scored higher in left-behind adversity,lower in academic performance,and former left-behind children had lower character strengths scores;(2)There was a significant negative predictive effect of left-behind adversity on academic performance of left-be⁃hind children(β=-0.28,P<0.001);In this predictive relationship,character strengths and future orientation could not only play a mediating role individually but also play a chain mediating role through the character strengths→future orientation path,and the mediating effect accounted for 64.3%of the total effect.Conclusion:Left-behind adversity is an important risk factor for the left-behind children’s academic performance,and its influence is mainly realized through the depletion of children’s character strengths and future orientation.