视网膜信号分子在近视发生和进展中的作用

The role of retinal signaling molecules in the occurrence and progression of myopia

随着近视发病率的不断攀升,近视的发病机制也备受关注。目前,领域内普遍认为,脉络膜血流灌注减少是近视发生的重要因素。但在近视的形成过程中,模糊的视觉信息是如何通过视网膜和视网膜色素上皮层传递到脉络膜血管,进而引起脉络膜血流灌注下降,这一过程的细胞、分子生物学机制尚不明确。近年提出的“巩膜缺氧学说”备受关注。现阶段研究的热门信号分子包括多巴胺、表皮生长因子、维甲酸、胆碱能分子和腺苷等,这些因子很可能在视网膜和视网膜色素上皮中参与信号传导,进而引起脉络膜的血流变化,影响近视的发生发展。因此,这些信号因子及其下游通路可能为近视防控靶点的寻找提供新思路.

With the surged prevalence of myopia,the pathogenic mechanism underlying myopia has attracted attention.At present,it is generally believed in the flied that the reduced blood perfusion in the choroid is crucial for myopigenesis.Then,in the process of myopigenesis,how are the blurred visual signals transmitted to the choroidal blood vessels through the retina and retinal pigment epithelium,leading to the reduced choroidal blood perfusion.The cellular and molecular mechanisms underpinning this process remain elusive.In recent years,the theory of scleral hypoxia has attracted much attention.Popular signaling molecules in current research include dopamine,epidermal growth factor,retinoic acid,cholinergic molecules and adenosine,etc.These factors are likely to participate in signal transduction in retina and RPE,thus causing changes in choroidal blood flow and affecting the occurrence and development of myopia.Therefore,these signaling factors and their downstream pathways may provide new ideas for the prevention and control of myopia targets.