小胶质细胞极化在卒中后认知障碍神经炎症损伤中的作用机制及中药药理的研究进展

Research progress on the mechanism of action for microglial polarization in neuroinflammatory injury in post-stroke cognitive impairment and pharmacological actions of related Chinese medicines

神经炎症是卒中后认知障碍(post-stroke cognitive impairment,PSCI)神经损伤、空间和记忆能力下降的主要机制之一。当中枢神经系统受到刺激时,小胶质细胞作为免疫效应细胞被激活,并通过自身表型转换启动免疫级联反应,释放细胞因子等参与神经炎症反应。诱导小胶质细胞从促炎性M1表型向抗炎性M2表型极化,能够促进组织神经功能的修复再生,减轻脑卒中损伤后的炎症反应和认知损害。中药单体、活性成分及复方可以靶向调节小胶质细胞表型转化,保护大脑神经元免受炎症影响,通过减少神经元凋亡来调节学习记忆能力。基于此,本文就小胶质细胞极化在PSCI神经炎症损伤中的作用及中医药潜在的调控机制进行综述,以期为中医药治疗PSCI提供新的研究思路。

Neuroinflammation is one of the main mechanisms of neurological injury and spatial and memory decline in post-stroke cognitive impairment(PSCI).When the central nervous system is stimulated,microglia are activated as immune effector cells and participate in neuroinflammatory responses by switching their own phenotypes to initiate the immune cascade and releasing cytokines.Inducing microglia to polarize from proinflammatory M1 phenotype to anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype can promote repair and regeneration of tissue neurological function,and reduce post-stroke inflammatory responses and cognitive impairment.Single herbs and their active ingredients,as well as compound formulas of Chinese medicine can target and regulate microglial phenotypic transformation,protect brain neurons from inflammation,and modulate learning and memory ability by reducing neuronal apoptosis.Based on this,this paper reviews the role of microglial polarization in neuroinflammatory injury in PSCI and the potential regulatory mechanism of Chinese medicine,with the aim of providing new research ideas for the treatment of PSCI with Chinese medicine.