平原参赛者高原马拉松运动前心肺功能与运动成绩及急性高原病的相关性研究

Study on the correlation between cardiopulmonary function and athletic performance and acute mountain sickness of plain runners before plateau marathon

目的探究平原参赛者高原马拉松运动前心肺功能与运动成绩、急性高原病的相关性。方法选取2017年8月至2019年8月参加阿尼玛卿高原马拉松的222名平原健康参赛者作为研究对象,在其到达高原(海拔3800 m)后赛前1 d进行运动心肺功能检测,包括最大摄氧量(VO_(2max))、无氧阈(AT)、用力肺活量(FVC)、每分钟最大通气量(MVV)、静息心率(HR)、血氧饱和度(SaO_(2))。根据3年来参赛者的完赛时间排名,分别将男性及女性参赛者分成两组(1组为成绩排名前50%,2组为成绩排名后50%)。根据赛前参赛者心肺功能检测情况分别将男性及女性参赛者分为成两组(1组为心肺功能结果排名前50%,2组为心肺功能结果排名后50%)。分析上述指标与成绩及急性高原病(AMS)的关系。结果男女1组赛前VO_(2max)、AT、FVC、MVV、SaO_(2)均高于2组,HR均低于2组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。男性参赛者1组赛前VO_(2max)、AT、FVC、MVV、SaO_(2)高者AMS发生率均低于2组,赛前HR高者AMS发生率高于2组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。女性参赛者1组赛前VO_(2max)及AT高者AMS发生率均低于2组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而FVC、MVV、HR、SaO_(2)不同者AMS发生率比较差异无统计学意义。结论高原马拉松运动前不同心肺功能的平原参赛者在急性高原病发生率及运动成绩方面存在明显差异,可为选拔优秀运动员参加比赛、避免严重医疗意外发生提供参考,并为制订合理的高原马拉松医疗保障方案提供依据;同时,心肺功能是维持和保障平原赴高原军人体能和战斗力的重要因素,因此,本研究也可为选拔优秀战士参与高原作战提供理论依据。

Objective To explore the correlation between cardiopulmonary function,athletic performance and acute mountain sickness of plain runners before plateau marathon.Methods A total of 222 healthy participants who participated in the Amne Machin plateau marathon from August 2017 to August 2019 were selected as the research subjects,cardiopulmonary function tests were performed 1 d before they reached the plateau(3800 m above sea level),including maximal oxygen consumption(VO_(2max)),anaerobic threshold(AT),forced vital capacity(FVC),maximum ventilation volume per minute(MVV),resting heart rate(HR),and arterial oxygen saturation(SaO_(2)).The male and female participants were divided into two groups(group 1 was the top 50%of the cardiopulmonary function results,group 2 was the bottom 50%of the cardiopulmonary function results)according to the cardiopulmonary function test results of the participants before the competition.The correlation between the above indicators and performance and acute mountain sicknes(AMS)was analyzed.Results The VO_(2max),AT,FVC,MVV and SaO_(2) of male and female group 1 before competition were higher than those of group 2,and HR was lower than that of group 2,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The incidence of AMS in male contestants with high VO_(2max),AT,FVC,MVV and SaO_(2) before competition in group 1 were lower than that in group 2,and the incidence of AMS in male contestants with high HR before competition was higher than that in group 2,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The incidence of AMS in female contestants with high VO_(2) max and AT before competition in group 1 was lower than that in group 2,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);there were no significant differences in the incidence of AMS among patients with different FVC,MVV,HR and SaO_(2).Conclusion There are significant differences in the incidence of acute mountain sickness and sports performance among plain competitors with different cardiopulmonary functions before the plateau marathon,this can provide reference for selecting excellent athletes to participate in the competition and avoid serious medical accidents,and provide basis for formulating reasonable medical security plan for the plateau marathon;at the same time,cardiopulmonary function is an important factor to maintain and guarantee the physical fitness and combat effectiveness of plain soldiers going to the plateau,therefore,this study can also provide a theoretical basis for selecting excellent soldiers to participate in plateau operations.