探讨儿童和成人白癜风的临床特点

To explore the clinical characteristics of vitiligo in children and adults

目的探讨儿童和成人白癜风的临床特点,为临床实践提供理论依据。方法选取2019年8月至2020年8月本院收治的200例白癜风患者作为研究对象,其中儿童100例,成人100例。对患者进行问卷调查,收集患者临床资料,比较儿童与成人白癜风患者的临床特点。结果儿童与成人白癜风患者年龄、发病年龄比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);儿童与成人白癜风患者性别比较差异无统计学意义。儿童与成人白癜风患者均以夏季为高发季节,两者春季、夏季、秋季、冬季发病率比较差异无统计学意义。儿童白癜风患者限局型、中节段型白癜风发生率均高于成人白癜风患者,肢端型、泛发型、散发型白癜风发生率均低于成人白癜风患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。儿童与成人白癜风患者头颈部、躯干、四肢发病率比较差异无统计学意义;儿童白癜风患者黏膜部位发生率高于成人白癜风患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。儿童白癜风患者外伤、皮肤病致病率均高于成人白癜风患者,精神因素致病率低于成人白癜风患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。儿童白癜风患者晕痣发生率高于成人白癜风患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);儿童与成人白癜风患者家族史比较差异无统计学意义。结论儿童与成人白癜风患者的临床特征存在明显差异,儿童易患白癜风因素包括外伤、皮肤病、晕痣。

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of vitiligo in children and adults,and to provide theoretical basis for clinical practice.Methods A total of 200 patients with vitiligo admitted from August 2019 to August 2020 were selected as the research subjects,including 100 children and 100 adults.A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect the clinical data of patients,and the clinical characteristics of children and adults with vitiligo were compared.Results There were significant differences in age and age of onset between children and adults with vitiligo(P<0.05);there was no significant difference in gender between children and adults with vitiligo.The incidence of vitiligo in children and adults was high in summer;there were no significant differences in the incidence of vitiligo between children and adults in spring,summer,autumn and winter.The incidence of localized and middle-segmental vitiligo in children with vitiligo was higher than that in adults with vitiligo,and the incidence of acromegaly,generalized and sporadic vitiligo were lower than those in adults with vitiligo,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of head and neck,trunk and limbs between children and adults with vitiligo;the incidence of mucosal sites in children with vitiligo was higher than that in adults with vitiligo,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The incidence of trauma and skin diseases in children with vitiligo was higher than that in adults with vitiligo,the pathogenic rate of mental factors in children with vitiligo was lower than that in adults with vitiligo,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The incidence of halo nevus in children with vitiligo was higher than that in adults with vitiligo,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);there was no significant difference in family history between children and adults with vitiligo.Conclusion There are significant differences in clinical characteristics between children and adults with vitiligo,children are susceptible to vitiligo factors including trauma,skin diseases,and halo nevus.